1. Technologies for Space Exploration
A. Cadiou
CNES R&T Service

2. Miniaturisation of in-situ instruments
Instrumentation : CNES R&T priorities for participation to ESA and international programs
Miniaturisation of in-situ instruments
Optic instrument : atmospheric sounding with a LASER, microscope with an accordable acousto-optic filter
Mass spectrometer : micromachining, SIMS miniaturised
Ground penetrating radar : increase in frequency, antennas 20 to 300MHz
Micro sismometer
Exobiology : analysis of return samples
Development of an electron cathodoluminescent lamp
Identification of biomarkers
In-situ chiral analysis of amino acid
X band electronic paramagnetic resonance imagery

3. Vehicle critical technologies
Propulsion
Power generation
Autonomy
Robotics
Aerothermodynamics
Trajectography

4. Propulsion Mission complexity Orbiter / lander Sun distance (UA)
Nuclear thermic and electric
Programme
Manned flight
Apollo
d ’exploration Mars
Return
Solar
sample
Mars
electric
Nuclear electric
Express
Bepi
Columbo
Orbiter /
Chemical
lander
Solar
Voyager
Cassini
electric
Flight over
Smart 1
Chemical
Galiléo 10
0.1 1
100
Sun distance
(UA)

5. Propulsion
ESA/CNES R&T with Snecma on High Power Hall effect thrusters with the objective to increase the thrust and the specific impulse
Study of a design close to the PPS1350-G used on Smart1 (scale factor),
Study of double stage design allowing the separation of the ionisation and acceleration zone inside the thruster,
Technologies improvement : ceramic, magnetic materials, …
Research activities on these thrusters (CNRS, CNES, SNECMA) with Russia cooperation (INTAS project)

6. Power generation Solar cells and batteries (up to Jupiter)
Performance improvements are still possible on the multi-jonctions cells
Substrate improvement to reduce the mass
CNES R&T activities on the Li-ion batteries (SAFT) and on the triple jonctions AsGa cells mainly for the large telecommunication geostationary platforms
RTG (Radio-isotopic Thermal Generators) (1W-500W) cooperation with Russia and Alcatel ETCA (Be) through an INTAS project
Nuclear electric fission reactor

7. Autonomy
CNES Generic activities on the system with the objectives of :
Complete autonomy in routine mode (no TC)
Large reduction in the number of TM for the control of the vehicle
Increas of the reactivity in case of on board events in suppressing the ground/board loop
A ground demonstrator is in preparation in cooperation with ONERA

8. Robotics CNES R&T activities on :
Improvement of the localisation of a rover through the filtering of the wheel measurements
Study, realisation and test of an attitude control system with commercial components
Cooperation with Russia and EADS ST (Ge) on a Mars Rover using inflatable or unfolding wheels

9. Aerothermodynamics
CNES R&T activities on the modelisation of the interactions between a rarefied gas and a structure
Surface catalysis determination for Earth and Mars atmospheric re-entry vehicles – INTAS project with the VKI and Russian Institutes

10. Trajectography
Development with IMCCE (Institut de Mécanique Céleste et de Calcul d’Ephémérides) of planetary ephemerides : improvement of the dynamic evolution model of the different elements of the solar system – cooperation with ESA (GAIAA project) and ESOC (supply of data)