1. Magnetic Monopoles
Does there exist magnetic charge, just like electric charge? An entity which carried such magnetic charge would be called a magnetic monopole (having + or - magnetic charge).
How can you isolate this magnetic charge? Try cutting a bar magnet in half.
In fact no attempt has been successful in finding magnetic monopoles in nature.

2. READING QUIZ 1
The Hall effect is the action of a magnetic field B on the carriers of a current
I = EL/R in a solid rectangular sample with area A = length L x width w A magnetic field is perpendicular to the area A and the current I = EL/R flows parallel to the length L. Which of the following statements is incorrect.
A| The Hall voltage depends on the drift velocity of the charged carriers.
B| The Hall voltage depends on the length L of the solid sample.
C| The Hall voltage depends on the magnitude of the magnetic field.
D| The Hall voltage depends on the width w of the sample.

3. F varies sinusoidally as direction of v is changed
Magnetic Field B
Magnetic force acting on a moving charge q depends on q, v.
Vary q and v in the presence of a given magnetic field and measure magnetic force F on the charge. Find:
F varies sinusoidally as direction of v is changed
This defines B.
direction by Right Hand Rule. B is a vector field
(q>0)
If q<0
1 T = 104 gauss (earth magnetic field at surface is about 0.5 gauss)

4. Magnetic Force on a Current
Consider a current-carrying wire in the
presence of a magnetic field B.
There will be a force on each of the charges moving in the wire. What will be the total force
dF on a length dl of the wire?
Suppose current is made up of n charges/volume each carrying charge q < 0 and moving with velocity v through a wire of cross-section A.
Force on each charge =
Total force =
Current =
For a straight length of wire L carrying a current I, the force on it is:

5. "Magnetic Resonance Accelerator"
Cyclotron
"Magnetic Resonance Accelerator"
"Dees" in constant magnetic field B
Alternating voltage V is applied between the Dees at the orbital frequency f:
Particle will acquire an additional kinetic energy qV each time it crosses the gap (ie twice per revolution.. E=0 in Dees!).
increases as v does
Problems  synchrotron

6. DOCCAM 2 FORCE BETWEEN TWO WIRES 6B10

7. Synchrotron
r is the same since B increases as v does

8. More complicated situations?
v is not perpendicular to B
Also non-uniform B
magnetic bottle
Van Allen belts
helical motion (spiral)
electron in magnetic field

9. Polar Light
High energy particles leaked out of the belt and interact with the earth atmosphere.

10. Warm-up quiz 2
An electron (charge -e) comes horizontally into a region of perpendicularly crossed, uniform E and B fields as shown. In this region, it deflects upward as shown. What can you do to change the path so it remains horizontal through the region?
Increase E
Increase B
Turn B off
Turn E off
Nothing

11. Magnetic Force on a Current Loop
Force on closed loop current in uniform B?
Force on top path cancels force on bottom path (F = IBL)
Force on right path cancels force on left path. (F = IBL)
closed loop
Uniform B is exerts no net force on closed current loop.

12. Magnetic Torque on a Current Loop
Definition of torque:
abut a chosen point
If B field is parallel to plane of loop, the net torque on loop is 0. B
If B is not zero, there is net torque.
magnetic moment direction
so that n is twisted to align with B

13. DOCCAM 2 ELECTRIC MOTOR 6B-12

14. Calculation of Torque
Suppose the coil has width b (the side we see) and length a (into the screen). The torque about the center is given by:
area of loop
Define magnetic dipole moment by
where n is normal to the loop with RHR along I.

15. Example of Magnetic Moment Calculation
A thin non-conducting disk of mass m and uniform surface charge density σ rotates with angular velocity ω as shown. What is the magnetic moment?
mag. moment of the ring shown: dI
2A: b
2B: c

16. Potential Energy of Dipole
Work must be done to change the orientation of a dipole (current loop) in the presence of a magnetic field. B x
Define a potential energy U (with zero at position of max torque) corresponding to this work. . q Þ
Therefore, Þ Þ

17. Potential Energy of Dipole IllustratedB x m
positive work B x m B x m
t = 0
U = -mB
t = 0
U = mB
t = mB X
U = 0
max torque
min. energy
max. energy
negative work
(by YOU)

18. Hall Effect
A conducting strip in crossed E and B fields
Applied E along the strip leads to a charge buildup on the sides of the strip and thus an electric field EH develops perpendicular to both applied E and B. EH
Determines the sign and number of carriers.
Measures B.

19. Carrier Sign and Density from Hall Effect
Sign and density of charge carrier is determined at equilibrium
Hall voltage EH
and
for a given current I and n

20. 10:30 Quiz 3 October 6, 2011
An proton (charge +e) comes horizontally into a region of perpendicularly crossed, uniform E and B fields as shown. In this region, it is deflected upward as shown. What can you do to change the path so it deflects downward instead through the region?
a. Increase E
b. Turn B off
c. Turn E off
d. Slow down the electron
e. None of the above

21. 11:30 – Quiz 3 October 6, 2011
A proton (charge +e) comes horizontally into a region of perpendicularly crossed, uniform E and B fields as shown. In this region, it goes straight without deflection. What can you do to change the path so it deflects upward through the region?
a. Increase E
b. Increase B
c. Turn B off
d. Slow down the proton
e. None of the above

22. 11:30 Quiz 3 March1, 2011
A proton (charge +e) comes horizontally into a region of
perpendicularly crossed, uniform E and B fields as shown.
In this region, it deflects downward as shown. What can
you do to change the path so it remains horizontal through
the region?
a. Increase E
b. Turn B off
c. Turn E off
d. Slow down the electron
e. Increase B