1. The Jeffersonian Republic 1800 - 1812
Pageant Chapter 11

2. The United States –

3. 1. The “Revolution” of 1800 The Election of 1800
John Adams vs. Thomas Jefferson
This is the first election between organized political parties
Jefferson considered his victory over John Adams and Aaron Burr revolutionary victories…why?
1) Jefferson’s POV: His election mean the country was returning to the original spirit of the Revolution.
2) Author’s POV: Jefferson’s election was a major turning point, a major transfer of power from one group (Federalists) to another (Republicans) in a young nation.

4. President Thomas Jefferson

5. 2. Jefferson
Jefferson was an aristocrat; rich but informal about it, unlike the Federalists.
He was a champion for the common man, but not completely, he did accept some Federalist policy
1) He didn’t attack Hamilton’s BUS (Bank of the US), to which he strongly opposed
2) He did not repeal the Federalist tariff on imported goods

6. 3. Power To The Supreme Court
Marbury v. Madison (1803)
One of the most important Supreme Court cases in U.S. History; took place during Jefferson’s administration
John Marshall – Chief Justice of the Supreme Court; strong willed; a staunch Federalist; Revolutionary War veteran
Though the Federalist Party died out with Adams in 1800, Marshall lived on as a Federalist ghost to haunt the Jeffersonians
The case started when William Marbury, a Federalist, was nominated to be a justice of the peace in Washington, D.C., but his nomination was shelved by Republican James Madison, the Secretary of State under Jefferson
Marbury sued to get this reversed, but Marshall dismissed Marbury’s claim
Though this seems silly, since both Marbury and Marshall were Federalists, what Marshall did was much greater for the Supreme Court; he had created JUDICIAL REVIEW.
Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
John Marshall

7. 3. Power To The Supreme Court
Principle: The Supreme Court must have the final say on all matters concerning the Constitution
Rationale: Since the Constitution is the highest form of law in the U.S., the highest Court should interpret it

8. John Marshall

9. James Madison – Secretary of State under Jefferson

10. 4) Louisiana Purchase
Jefferson reduced the military, though he had to deal with BRIGANDS, pirates, on the “shores of Tripoli” in North Africa
Jefferson preferred peaceful settling of issues
A staunch Republican, Jefferson shocked many when he pushed to buy Louisiana Territory from the French in 1803
James Monroe and Robert Livingston were sent by Jefferson in 1803 to buy it from Napoleon for $10 million. Why was Napoleon so willing to sell?
1) He failed to re-conquer Santo Domingo (Haiti), from the Haitian revolutionaries
2) He wanted to help the United States become bigger and stronger so they could weaken Britain

11. The Louisiana Purchase - 1803

12. 4) Louisiana Purchase
1804
Jefferson sends Lewis and Clark, to explore the purchased territory.
Lesser known but equally important Zebulon Pike would explore the southern part.
1) It yielded a rich scientific and natural knowledge of the West.
2) It also revealed the friendliness, and dangers, of the Native Americans that inhabited the uncharted lands.

13. 5. Foreign Policy and Jefferson’s 2nd Term
Jefferson was easily re-elected as he was an able politician and he cleared the way for westward expansion
His second term, however, would be embroiled in foreign affairs with our two old friends, Britain and France.
The issue? Britain and France are at each other and they both want America to take a side – we try to stay neutral so….
Impressment – seizing of U.S. ships and forcing U.S. sailors to serve on the British warships.
Jefferson tries the Embargo Act of 1807 in hopes that by not trading with Britain and France, US neutrality will be honored. The embargo actually hurts us…
The embargo would be replaced by the Non-Intercourse Act in 1809.

14. 6. Madison and War Jefferson retires in 1808
James Madison is elected and inherits the unresolved issues with Britain and France
Power in Congress by this time has shifted to the Southerners, who are ready for war – man such as John C. Calhoun and Henry Clay are known as the War Hawks. They want war with BRITAIN
Motivation?
Impressment
Britain is supplying Natives out west to attack American settlers
Tecumseh was the biggest threat because he almost united the Natives together
William Henry Harrison defeated Tecumseh at Tippecanoe.

15. President James Madison