1. Research and Innovation department of Rehabilitation
Symposium ‘Family focused support programs’
Research and Innovation department of Rehabilitation

2. Peter van der Ende, PhD (Senior Researcher/Lecturere Psychologist)
Research and Innovation department of Rehabilitation
Hanze University of applied sciences Groningen
The Netherlands
Research and Innovation department of Rehabilitation

3. Research and Innovation department of Rehabilitation
Parenting and psychiatric rehabilitation
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4. Research and Innovation department of Rehabilitation
Content
Supported parenting: Parenting with Succes and Satisfaction (PARRS)
2. Pilot Evaluation Research
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5. Background Supported Parenting
Half of the people with (severe mental illness) SMI have children1,2
High barrier for the use of social services
Mental health professionals need more skills to support the parental role
In context of Parental and Family Mental Health
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6. Research and Innovation department of Rehabilitation
Example
Carla is a single mother with borderline problems. She has been admitted to a psychiatric clinic during half a year and now she is regaining the parenting of her two children from their grandmother.
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7. Research and Innovation department of Rehabilitation
Marrie Venderink and Peter van der Ende 3 Program ‘Parenting with Success and Satisfaction’ (PARSS)
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8. Research and Innovation department of Rehabilitation
Characteristics
Based on the Psychiatric Rehabilitation framework (Farkas & Anthony, 2012) 4
(Choose-Get) - Keep
Parent and professional
Partly self-help
Program duration one year
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9. Research and Innovation department of Rehabilitation
Three PARSS Workbooks
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10. I. Assessing the actual functioning in the parental role
Who am I and who is my child?
Division and balance between ‘personal time’
and time for my child
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11. Research and Innovation department of Rehabilitation
for parents living together with their children IIa. Strengthen the parental role
Social demands on the parent
Requirements of the parental role
Resources
Tune expectations to social environment
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for parents living apart from their children IIb Take back the parental role
Parents’ needs
Possible activities
Who has demands and what kind
Who supports
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13. Research and Innovation department of Rehabilitation
Pilot Research5
One-year pilot research Experimental group: 12 parents (+12 mental health workers and 7 next of kin) Control group 15 parents (+15 mental health workers and 6 next of kin)
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14. Research and Innovation department of Rehabilitation
Research question
What are the effects of the program Parenting with Success and Satisfaction (PARSS) on parental functioning in terms of success, satisfaction, empowerment and quality of life?
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15. Research and Innovation department of Rehabilitation
Instruments
Parenting evaluation (Kendall/Bloomfield, 2004) 6
Psychological Empowerment Scale
(Akey,et al, 2000) 7
Quality of life: EUROQOL-VAS (Brooks, 1996)8
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16. Research and Innovation department of Rehabilitation
3a. Results
The success in parenting stays the same in both groups.
The satisfaction in parenting is augmented in the experimental group, not in the control group.
Empowerment: the experimental group falls back while the control group improves a little.
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17. Research and Innovation department of Rehabilitation
3b. Results
Quality of life: significant improvement in the intervention group (T-test, p<.05)
All 12 parents and mental health workers positive about the program
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4 Discussion
PARSS intervention is possibly a useful tool in supporting parents with serious mental illnesses
Guided self-help intervention, could fill an important gap in available psychiatric rehabilitation resources for parents
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19. Research and Innovation department of Rehabilitation
References
Nicholson, J., Biebel, K., Williams, V. F., & Katz-Leavy, J. (2004). Prevalence of
parenthood in adults with mental illness: Implications for state and federal policy,
programs, and providers. In R. W. Manderscheid & M. J. Henderson (Eds.), Mental
health, United States, DHHS Pub No. (SMA) 3938 (pp. 120–137). Rockville,
MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.
Van der Ende, P. C., Van Busschbach, J. T., Wiersma, D., & Korevaar, E. L. (2011).
Ouders met ernstige psychische aandoeningen. Epidemiologische gegevens.
[Parents with severe mental illness. Epidemiological data]. Tijdschrift voor
Psychiatrie, 53(11), 851–856
3. Van der Ende, P. C., Venderink, M. M., & Van Busschbach, J. T. (2010). Parenting
with success and satisfaction. A rehabilitation intervention for parents with severe
mental illness. Psychiatric Services, 61, 416. doi: /appi.ps
4. Anthony, W. A., & Farkas, M. D. (2012). The essential guide to psychiatric
rehabilitation practice. Boston: Boston University Center for Psychiatric Rehabilitation
Research and Innovation department of Rehabilitation

20. References-continued
Van der Ende P.C. ,Van Busschbach J.T., Nicholson J., Korevaar, E.L. ,Van
Weeghel, J. (2014). Parenting and psychiatric rehabilitation: Can parents with severe
mental illness benefit from a new approach? Accepted by Psychiatric Rehabilitation
Journal
Kendall, S., & Bloomfield, L. (2005). Developing and validating a tool to measure parenting self-efficacy. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 51(2), 174–181. doi: /j x
Akey, T. M., Marquis, J. G., & Ross, M. E. (2000). Validation of scores on the Psychological Empowerment Scale: A measure of empowerment for parents of children with a disability. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 60(3), 419–438.
Brooks, R. (1996). Euroqol: The current state of play. Health Policy, 37(1), 53–72. doi: / (96)
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Website:
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Recommendations
Add a coordinator on parenting in the mental health organizations
Parenting explicitly in the personal file
Organize peer support
International cooperation in research to build the evidence for parenting programs
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