1. Newton’s Laws

2. Newton’s 1st Law
An object at rest stays at rest, and object in motion stays in motion unless acted on by an unbalanced force

3. Newton's 2nd Law
A net force of an object is equal to the mass times the velocity

4. Kinetic Energy
KE: Kinetic Energy
M: Mass
V: Velocity
Which do you believe will have more of an effect on Kinetic energy: changing the mass or changing the velocity?

5. Mass (kg)
Velocity (m/s2)
Kinetic Energy (J) 1
0.5 2 3
1.5 4 5
2.5 6 7
3.5 8 9
4.5 10 11
5.5
Increasing Mass
What would happen to kinetic energy as you increase the mass but keep the velocity the same?
Kinetic Energy (J)
Mass (kg)

6. Increasing Mass Mass and kinetic energy has a LINEAR RELATIONSHIP
Linear is represented by a straight line. When one increases, the other increases at a constant rate. When one decreases, the other decreases at a constant rate
The kinetic energy doubles as the mass of the object doubles
The kinetic energy halves as the mass of the object halves
Kinetic Energy (J)
Mass (kg)

7. Mass
(kg)
Velocity
(m/s2)
Kinetic Energy
(J) 1
0.5 2 3
4.5 4 8 5
12.5 6 18 7
24.5 32 9
40.5 10 50 11
60.5
Increasing Velocity
What would happen to kinetic energy as you increase the velocity but keep the mass the same?
Kinetic Energy (J)
Velocity (m/s2)

8. Increase Velocity
Velocity and Kinetic energy have a NONLINEAR RELATIONSHIP.
Nonlinear means that the values do not go up or down at the same rate
The kinetic energy quadruples as the speed of the object doubles
The kinetic energy decreases by a factor of four as the speed of the object is cut in half
Kinetic Energy (J)
Velocity (m/s2)

9. What would happen to kinetic energy as you increase the mass but keep the velocity the same?
Velocity because it is squared