1. Object and class structuring
COMET
software life cycle process model
Object and class structuring
Corso di Ingegneria del Software II
Sonia Fagorzi

2. Summary Introduction Categorization of Application Classes
18/01/2019
Summary
Introduction
Context
What the seminary tells about
Categorization of Application Classes
Interface Object
Device Interface Object (example)
User Interface Object (example)
System Interface Object (example)
Entity Object (example)
Control Object
Coordinator Object
State dependent Object
Timer Object (example)
Application Logic Object
Business Logic Object
Algorithm Object
Subsystems: packages (examples)
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3. Context Requirements Modeling Analysis Modeling Design Modeling
Incremental Software Construction
Throwaway Prototype
Incremental Software Construction
Incremental Prototype
System Testing
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4. Context Requirements Modeling Analysis Modeling Design Modeling
Use case modeling:
Use case model
Static modeling:
Static physical model of the domain problem
System context model
Static model of the entity classes in the
problem domain
Class dictionary
Object structuring
Dynamic modeling
Requirements Modeling
Analysis Modeling
Design Modeling
Incremental Software Construction
Throwaway Prototype
Incremental Software Construction
Incremental Prototype
System Testing
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5. Context Requirements Modeling Analysis Modeling Design Modeling
Use case modeling:
Use case model
Static modeling:
Static physical model of the domain problem
System context model
Static model of the entity classes in the
problem domain
Class dictionary
Object structuring
Dynamic modeling
Requirements Modeling
Analysis Modeling
Design Modeling
Incremental Software Construction
Throwaway Prototype
Incremental Software Construction
Incremental Prototype
System Testing
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6. What the seminary tells about
Goal: to determine the software objects in the system that model real-world objects in the problem domain and to categorize them using object structuring criteria
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7. Categorization of Application Classes
A category is a specifically defined division in a system of classification
Categorization of classes into certain groups:
because most software systems have this kinds of classes
to help understand the system under development
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8. Categorization of Application Classes
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9. Categorization of Application Classes
«interface»
«entity»
«control»
«application logic»
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10. Categorization of Application Classes
«interface»
«entity»
«control»
«application logic»
«user interface»
«device interface»
«system interface»
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11. Categorization of Application Classes
«interface»
«entity»
«control»
«application logic»
«user interface»
«device interface»
«system interface»
«input device interface»
«output device interface»
«input/output device interface»
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12. Categorization of Application Classes
«interface»
«entity»
«control»
«application logic»
«user interface»
«device interface»
«system interface»
«timer»
«state dependent control»
«coordinator»
«input device interface»
«output device interface»
«input/output device interface»
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13. Categorization of Application Classes
«interface»
«entity»
«control»
«application logic»
«user interface»
«device interface»
«system interface»
«timer»
«state dependent control»
«coordinator»
«business logic»
«algorithm»
«input device interface»
«output device interface»
«input/output device interface»
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14. Categorization of External Classes
Interface Classes
Categorization of External Classes
«external»
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15. Categorization of External Classes
Interface Classes
Categorization of External Classes
«external»
«external timer»
«external device»
«external system»
«external user»
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16. Interface Classes Categorization of External Classes «external»
«external timer»
«external device»
«external system»
«external user»
«external input device»
«external output device»
«external input/output device»
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17. Categorization of External Classes
Interface Classes
Categorization of External Classes
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18. Interface Classes Categorization of External Classes «external»
«external user»
«external device»
«external system»
«external timer»
«external input device»
«external output device»
«external input/output device»
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19. Interface Classes Categorization of External Classes «external»
«external user»
«external device»
«external system»
«external timer»
«external input device»
«external output device»
«external input/output device»
«application»
«interface»
«entity»
«control»
«application logic»
«user interface»
«device interface»
«system interface»
«timer»
«state dependent control»
«coordinator»
«input device interface»
«output device interface»
«input/output device interface»
«business logic»
«algorithm»
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20. Interface Classes «application» «interface» «entity» «control»
«application logic»
«user interface»
«device interface»
«system interface»
«timer»
«state dependent control»
«coordinator»
«business logic»
«algorithm»
«input device interface»
«output device interface»
«input/output device interface»
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21. Input Device Interface Object:
example
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22. Input Device Interface Object:
example
«external input device»
: aReal-World Temperature Sensor
«input device interface»
: aTemperature Sensor
Real-world hardware object
Software object
Hardware/software boundary (*)
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23. Input Device Interface Object:
example
Temperature Sensor Input
Temperature Sensor Data
«external input device»
: aReal-World Temperature Sensor
«input device interface»
: aTemperature Sensor
Real-world hardware object
Software object
Hardware/software boundary (*)
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24. Output Device Interface Object: example
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25. Output Device Interface Object: example
Light Command
«output device interface»
: RedLight Interface
«external output device»
: RedLight Actuator
On, Off
Software object
Real-world hardware object
Hardware/software boundary (*)
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26. Input/Output Device Interface Object: example
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27. Input/Output Device Interface Object: example
Card Reader Data,
Card Inserted,
Card Ejected,
Card Confiscated
«input/output device interface»
: ATMCard Reader Interface
Card Reader Input
«external input/output device»
: ATMCard Reader
Card Reader Output
Eject, Confiscate
Real-world hardware object
Software object
Hardware/software boundary (*)
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28. User Interface Object:
example
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29. User Interface Object:
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User Interface Object:
example
Operator Commands
Sensor Request
«user interface»
: Operator Interface
«entity»
: Sensor Data Repository
Display Data
Sensor Data
: Actor
Hardware/software boundary (*)
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30. System Interface Object:
example
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31. System Interface Object:
example
Pick & Place Robot Command
«system interface»
: Pick&Place Robot Interface
«external system»
: External Pick&Place Robot
Pick, Place
Picked, Placed
Pick & Place Robot Response
Software object
Real-world hardware object
Hardware/software boundary (*)
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32. Categorization of Application Classes
«interface»
«entity»
«control»
«application logic»
«user interface»
«device interface»
«system interface»
«timer»
«state dependent control»
«coordinator»
«business logic»
«algorithm»
«input device interface»
«output device interface»
«input/output device interface»
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33. Entity Class and Object:
example
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34. Entity Class and Object:
example
Open,
Close,
Credit,
Debit,
Read
Balance,
Status
«entity»
Account
accountNumber: Integer
balance: Real
«entity»
: anAccount
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35. Categorization of Application Classes
«interface»
«entity»
«control»
«application logic»
«user interface»
«device interface»
«system interface»
«timer»
«state dependent control»
«coordinator»
«business logic»
«algorithm»
«input device interface»
«output device interface»
«input/output device interface»
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36. Control Object
A Control Object provides the overall coordination (what and when) for execution of a use case
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37. Coordinator Object
A Coordinator Object is a not state-dependent overall decision-making object that determines the overall sequencing (when and in what order) for a collection of related object
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38. Coordinator and Business Logic Object: example
ATM Transaction
Bank Response
«coordinator»
: Bank Coordinator
Transfer Transaction
Query Transaction
PIN Validation Request
PIN Validation Response
Withdraw, Confirm, Abort
Transfer Response
Withdraw Response
Query Response
«business logic»
: Transfer Transaction Manager
«business logic»
: PINValidation Transaction Manager
«business logic»
: Query Transaction Manager
«business logic»
: Withdrawal Transaction Manager
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39. Categorization of Application Classes
«interface»
«entity»
«control»
«application logic»
«user interface»
«device interface»
«system interface»
«timer»
«state dependent control»
«coordinator»
«business logic»
«algorithm»
«input device interface»
«output device interface»
«input/output device interface»
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40. State-Dependent Control Object
A State-dependent control object is a control object whose behavior varies in each of its states. It is defined by a finite state machine
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41. State-Dependent Control Object: example
«output device interface»
: ReceiptPrinter Inteface
Print Receipt
Receipt Printed
«state dependent control»
: ATM Control
Dispense Cash
«output device interface»
: CashDispenser Interface
Cash Dispensed, Insufficient Cash
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42. Timer Object:
example
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43. Timer Object: example Distance Timer Event «external timer»
: Digital Clock
«timer»
: Distance Timer
Calculate
«entity»
: Distance
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44. Business Logic Object
A Business Logic Object define the business-specific application logic for processing a client request. It encapsulates business rules that could change independently of each other
Usually it accesses various entity objects during its execution
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45. Algorithm Object
An Algorithm Object is used to encapsulate a substantial algorithm used in the problem domain that can change independently of other aspects of the domain
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46. Example of Algorithm Object
«entity»
: Desire Speed
«entity»
: Current Speed
Current Speed Value
Desired Speed Value
Read
Read
«state dependent control»
: CruiseControl
«output device interface»
: Throttle Interface
«algorithm»
: Cruiser
Enable Maintain Speed,
Disable Maintain Speed
Throttle Value
Throttle Position
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47. Packages - External classes and Interfaces classes
The system is shown as a package
The interface classes are shown inside the system package
The external classes are depicted outside the system package
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48. Packages - External classes and Interfaces classes: example
«system»
Banking System
«input/output device interface »
CardReader Interface
«external input/output device»
CardReader 1 1 1
«output device interface »
ReceiptPrinter Interface
«external output device»
ReceiptPrinter 1 1 1
«user interface»
OperatorInterface
«external user »
Operator 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
«external user»
ATMCustomer
«user interface»
CustomerInterface 1 1 1 1
«output device interface »
CashDispenser Interface
«external output device»
CashDispenser 1 1
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49. Packages - subsystem and their relationship
Structuring the system into subsystems
Goal:
objects with high coupling among each other to be in the same subsystem
objects that are weakly coupled to be in different subsystems
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50. Packages - subsystem and their relationship: example
Banking System
«subsystem »
ATMClient Subsystem
«subsystem »
BankServer Subsystem
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51. Packages - subsystem and their relationship: example
«external output device»
Receipt Printer
«external user»
Operator 1
«system»
Banking System 1 1 1
«external input/output device»
CardReader
«subsystem »
ATMClient Subsystem
1..* 1
«subsystem »
BankServer Subsystem 1 1 1 1 1
«external input device»
CashDispenser
«external user»
ATMCustomer 1
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52. (*): this notation does not conform to the UML notation
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