1. Protein Basics Protein function Protein structure
Protein Basics Notes
Protein Basics
Protein function
Protein structure
Primary
Amino acids
Linkage
Secondary
Tertiary
Quaternary
Effect of DNA Mutation

2. Protein Function in Cell
Enzymes
Catalyze biological reactions
Structural role
Cell wall
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm

3. DNA  RNA  Protein  Trait
A. Bio-molecules are the basis of traits
DNA  RNA  Protein  Trait
• Traits represent organisms':
- Structure
- Function
• Proteins determine structure and function
• DNA codes for proteins that convey traits

4. Protein Basics Notes
Frank Lloyd Wright

5. Levels of Protein Structure
Protein Basics Notes
Levels of Protein Structure
The Shape it takes depends on the order of the Amino Acids

7. From our last set of notes: Translation
Second stage of protein production
mRNA is on a ribosome

8. Primary structure = order of amino acids in the protein chain
Protein Basics Notes
Primary structure = order of amino acids in the protein chain

9. Membrane proteins have adapted to hydrophobic environments
Protein Basics Notes
Membrane proteins have adapted to hydrophobic environments

10. Secondary structure = local folding of residues into regular patterns
Protein Basics Notes
Secondary structure = local folding of residues into regular patterns

11. Tertiary structure = global folding of a protein chain
Protein Basics Notes
Tertiary structure = global folding of a protein chain

12. Tertiary structures are quite varied
Protein Basics Notes
Tertiary structures are quite varied

13. Quaternary structure = Higher-order assembly of proteins
Protein Basics Notes
Quaternary structure = Higher-order assembly of proteins

14. Example of quaternary structure - Sir1/Orc1 heterodimer
Protein Basics Notes
Example of quaternary structure - Sir1/Orc1 heterodimer
Example is Sir1/Orc1 complex solved at UW: Hou, Bernstein, Fox, and Keck (2005) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 102,

15. Ex: Quaternary structures –
Protein Basics Notes
Ex: Quaternary structures –
You don’t need to memorize these types
Tetramer Hexamer Filament
SSB DNA helicase Recombinase
Allows coordinated Allows coordinated DNA binding Allows complete
DNA binding and ATP hydrolysis coverage of an extended molecule

16. Protein: The Machinery of Life
NH2-Val-His-Leu-Thr-Pro-Glu-Glu-
Lys-Ser-Ala-Val-Thr-Ala-Leu-Trp-
Gly-Lys-Val-Asn-Val-Asp-Glu-Val-
Gly-Gly-Glu-…..
“Life is the mode of existence of proteins, and this mode of existence essentially consists in the constant self-renewal of the chemical constituents of these substances.”
Friedrich Engles, 1878

17. DNA Mutation Function
Students know how mutations in the DNA sequence of a gene may or may not affect the expression of the gene or the sequence of amino acids in an encoded protein.