1. Apes exam review
Day 5

3. Sewage treatment

4. Types of coal

5. Coal-related air pollutants
Carbon Dioxide (#1 Source)
Sulfur Dioxide
Nitrogen Oxides
Particulate Matter
Mercury

6. Products made from oil

7. Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries
The acronym OPEC refers to the
Which is important because…
Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries
It is made up of 13 countries that have about 60% of the world’s oil reserves. They basically control the oil market.

8. Hydraulic Fracturing Fracking is a common name for
Which is a concern because…
Hydraulic Fracturing
It fractures rock and causes seismic events, while using and contaminating millions of gallons of freshwater.

9. Deepwater Horizon was an offshore oil rig.
Explain what the deepwater horizon was, where it was, and why it is significant…
Deepwater Horizon was an offshore oil rig.
It was stationed in the Gulf of Mexico
On April 20, 2010 it exploded and oil gushed from the seafloor for 87 days with an estimated discharge of 210 million gallons. It was the worst marine oil spill in history.

10. Arctic National Wildlife Refuge
The acronym ANWR refers to the
Which is important because…
Arctic National Wildlife Refuge
It is the largest wilderness area in the US, established in 1960 to preserve diversity, ensure a place for hunting & gathering and protect water quality.

11. Energy calculation
On the chalkboard
Answer: 150 Watts

12. Energy calculation
On the chalkboard
Answer: 150 Watts

13. Corporate Average Fuel Economy
The acronym CAFÉ refers to the
Which is important because…
Corporate Average Fuel Economy
They are regulations in the US which are intended to improve the average fuel economy of cars and light trucks produced for sale in the US.

14. Threatened Desert Tortoise
Solar power tower in CA
Threatened Desert Tortoise
Endangered Peninsular Bighorn Sheep

15. Conserve all the energy!
Energy efficient appliances/led lightbulbs
Unplug electronics/chargers when not in use
Walk/bike/carpool/public transportation
Double-paned, southern facing windows

16. Explain what Chernobyl was, where it was, and why it is significant…
Chernobyl was a Nuclear Power Plant.
It was located in the Ukraine.
On April 26, 1986 it melted down and an explosion and subsequent fire released large quantities of radioactivity into the atmosphere, which spread across western Europe and the USSR.

17. Mining Table – open pit mining
Description
Environmental Consequences
Type of surface mining where a large hole or “pit” is dug into the ground. Perfect for reaching deep and wide ore deposits like copper.
Road Construction – erosion, water damage, habitat fragmentation
Tailings (waste) – contaminate land and water with acids & metals

18. Mining Table – Subsurface mining
Description
Environmental Consequences
Underground mining where tunnels are built to reach ores like coal, diamonds and gold. Vertical shafts and elevators transport miners. Horizontal shafts for equipment and conveyors.
Acid Mine Drainage – water with SUPER LOW pH.
Contamination of Soil and nearby rivers.
Many safety hazards in humans.

19. Mining Table – strip mining
Description
Environmental Consequences
Type of surface mining where “strips” are removed of soil and rock. Ores like some coal and sand deposits are usually close to the surface in these areas.
Road Construction – erosion, water damage, habitat fragmentation
Tailings (waste) – contaminate land and water with acids & metals

20. Mining Table – mountaintop removal
Description
Environmental Consequences
Type of surface mining where explosives are used to remove the top of a mountain to expose the ore beneath it. Extra soil is dumped into nearby valleys and rivers.
Road Construction – erosion, water damage, habitat fragmentation
Tailings (waste) – contaminate land and water with acids & metals

21. Mining Table – Drilling
Description
Environmental Consequences
Liquid petroleum and natural gas need to be drilled to extract the ore. This can occur on land or under the ocean (AKA Offshore).
Road Construction – erosion, water damage, habitat fragmentation
Tailings (waste) – contaminate land and water with acids & metals

22. Strengthen this statement
“Mining causes pollution that may disrupt the environment.”
Write YOUR answer on a whiteboard
Meet with your row, and determine the best answer in your row
Share with the class

23. exemplar
Mining causes many environmental issues. The main pollutants from mining include atmospheric gases like CO2, SO2, NO2, particulate matter and CH4, as well as soil/water pollution from runoff, including sediment, sulfuric acid, mercury, arsenic and in gold mining, cyanide.

24. Lead Silicon Aluminum Iron Uranium Elements and ores Galena Quartz
Bauxite
Hematite
Pitchblende
Lead
Silicon
Aluminum
Iron
Uranium

25. It was located in Middletown, PA.
Explain what three mile island was, where it was, and why it is significant…
Three Mile Island was a Nuclear Power Plant.
It was located in Middletown, PA.
In 1979 a cooling malfunction caused part of the core to melt down. Some radiation was released, but not enough to harm local residents. Worst nuclear accident in US history.

26. Thermal pollution - Nuclear
Nuclear power plants use water as a cooling agent.
Water returned to water supply 9- 20oC warmer.
Hot water causes aquatic damage like in the figure
Now use cooling ponds/towers to cool water before putting it back.

27. Fukushima was a Nuclear Power Plant.
Explain what fukushima was, where it was, and why it is significant…
Fukushima was a Nuclear Power Plant.
It was located in Japan.
In March of 2011, an initial failure occurred when the plant was hit by a tsunami, triggered by a 9.0 earthquake. No fatalities or short term radiation exposure were reported.

28. Half-life calculation
Percent Left
# of Days
# of Half-Lives
Set up
This
Table! 
Half-life calculation
On the chalkboard
Answer: 80 days

29. Energy calculation On the chalkboard
Answer: $9 daily and $3,285 yearly