1. Federalism: Balancing Power, Balancing Rights
Chapter 3

2. Federalism and State and Local Governments
State and local governments have great influence over the daily lives of their constituents
Consequently, they have great influence over the politics of race and ethnicity
The concentration of racial and ethnic groups correlates with the amount of political power these groups may have

3. Federalism and State and Local Governments
State legislatures
Type of government: Bicameral and unicameral legislatures
Voting issues
Gerrymandering
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Majority–minority districts

4. Black and Latino Representation in State Legislatures

5. Federalism and State and Local Governments
Governors
Line-item veto
Appointing leaders for state agencies
Influence racial and ethnic minority politics
Offices rarely held by racial and ethnic minorities

7. Federalism and State and Local Governments
State courts
Most criminal lawsuits and prosecutions take place in state trial courts
These are hierarchical systems
Judges are the most important actors
States vary in how judges are selected
Selection processes include gubernatorial selection, direct election, and nonpartisan commission selection

8. Federalism and State and Local Governments
Dillon’s rule versus home rule
Municipalities, county commissions, and school districts

9. Federalism and the Constitution
The Constitution and national government power
Commerce Clause
Necessary and Proper Clause
Supremacy Clause

10. Federalism and the Constitution
The Constitution and national government power (cont.)
How states must relate to each other
Extradition Clause
Full Faith and Credit Clause
Privileges and Immunities Clause
Fugitive Slave Clause
Interstate Compact Clause

11. Federalism and the Constitution
Constitutional amendments and national power
Thirteenth Amendment
Fourteenth Amendment
Due Process Clause
Equal Protection Clause
Fifteenth Amendment
Nineteenth Amendment
Twenty-fourth Amendment (ending poll taxes)

12. Federalism and the Constitution
The Constitution and state power
Tenth Amendment
Police powers
Eleventh Amendment
Article 1
Electoral College

13. The Evolution of American Federalism
Federalism in the early republic and industrialization
McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
Implied power
Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)
Commerce clause
Civil rights issues
Fugitive Slave Act of 1793
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848)
Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)
See “Our Voices: John Marshall and the Status of Indian Tribes”

14. The Evolution of American Federalism
Dual federalism and the ascendency of state autonomy
Dual federalism: A view of federalism in which the national government is limited to a strict interpretation of the powers granted in the Constitution and states enjoy broad police power to rule within their own territory

15. The Evolution of American Federalism
Dual federalism and the ascendency of state autonomy
Monopolies
Child labor
Grants-in-aid
Civil rights issues
Separate but equal principle

16. The Evolution of American Federalism
Cooperative federalism and the growth of the national government
Cooperative federalism: A view of federalism in which the national government expands its power and blurs the lines between national and state authority

17. The Evolution of American Federalism
Cooperative federalism and the growth of the national government (cont.)
Incorporation
Economic regulation
Categorical grants
Unfunded mandates
Civil rights policies
Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
Civil Rights Act of 1964
1975 Indian Self-Determination and Education Act

19. The Evolution of American Federalism
The era of devolution
Devolution: A view of federalism that advocates partially returning power to state and local governments

20. The Evolution of American Federalism
The era of devolution (cont.)
The role of presidents and Congress
Began in 1969 under President Nixon
Expanded under President Reagan
Block grants

21. The Evolution of American Federalism
The era of devolution (cont.)
The role of the Supreme Court
Commerce Clause
Preemption
Reinterpretation of the Eleventh Amendment