1. SKULL:

2. JOINT TYPE:
FIBROUS-IMMOVEABLE

3. BONES OF THE SKULL:
THERE ARE APPROXIMATELY 45 BONES THAT MAKE UP THE SKULL AND FACE AT BIRTH
AS WE GROW, THESE BONES FUSE TOGETHER TO MAKE UP ABOUT 28 SKULL AND FACIAL BONES

4. BONES OF THE SKULL: FRONTAL BONE NASAL BONE ZYGOMATIC BONE
MAXILLAE BONE
MANDIBLE BONE

5. BONES OF THE SKULL:

6. JOINTS OF THE SKULL: THERE ARE CLOSE TO 20 JOINTS IN THE HUMAN SKULL
MANY OF WHICH ARE CALLED SUTURES AND ARE NOT MOVEABLE JOINTS

7. JOINTS OF THE SKULL:
THE ONLY MOVEABLE JOINT OF THE SKULL IS THE TEMPORO- MANDIBULAR JOINT
THIS JOINT CONNECTS THE TEMPORAL BONE AND THE MANDIBLE
ALSO KNOWN AS THE TMJ

8. INJURIES TO THE SKULL: FRACTURES TMJ SPRAIN STRAIN TMJ DISLOCATION
BRAIN INJURIES
HEMMORAGE

9. SKULL FRACTURES: FRACTURES CAN OCCUR ON ANY BONE OF THE SKULL OR FACE
MOST COMMONLY NASAL, ZYGOMATIC, OR MANDIBLE

10. TMJ SPRAIN: 3 LIGAMENTS ATTACH THIS JOINT TOGETHER TEMPOROMANDIBULAR
STYLOMANDIBULAR
SPHENOMANDIBULAR

11. STRAIN:
INJURY TO A MUSCLE OR TENDON

12. TMJ DISLOCATION:
THE TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT CAN ALSO BECOME DISLOCATED

13. TBI
TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY
CONCUSSION
SECOND IMPACT SYNDROME

14. HEMMORAGE
BLEEDING IN THE BRAIN

15. INJURIES TO THE EAR: CAULIFLOWER EAR (HEMATOMA AURIS
CAUSED BY EXTREME FRICTION OR REPEATED TRAUMA
OTTITIS EXTERNA (SWIMMERS EAR)
INFECTION IN THE EAR CANAL

16. INJURIES TO THE EYE:
CONJUCTIVITIS- PINK EYE

17. INJURIES TO THE NOSE:
EPISTAXIS
NOSE BLEED

18. VERTEBRAE:

19. Bones:
Cervical (7)
Thoracic (12)
Lumbar (5)
Sacrum
Coccyx

20. CURVATURE OF THE SPINE:
CERVICAL: ANTERIOR CURVE
THORACIC: POSTERIOR CURVE
LUMBAR: ANTERIOR CURVE

21. Curvature: Scoliosis-lateral curve Kyphosis- Excessive thoracic curve
Lordosis- Excessive lumbar curve

22. INJURIES: SCOLIOSIS: LATERAL CURVE OF THE SPINE
KYPHOSIS: EXHAGERATED CURVE OF THE THORACIC SPINE
LORDOSIS: EXHAGERATED CURVE OF THE LUMBAR SPINE

23. INJURIES: BRACHIAL PLEXUS INJURY CERVICAL NERVE STRETCH
“STINGER” “BURNER”

24. BONES: C1: FIRST VERTEBRAE IS CALLED THE ATLAS
C2: SECOND VERTEBRAE IS CALLED THE AXIS

25. What is the purpose of the spine?
The spine supports the structure of the body
The spine also protects the spinal nerves
Each spinal nerve controls movement and feeling for a specific area of the body
Injuring these can cause paralysis

26. Dermatomes:

27. Myotomes: C1/C2-neck flexion/extension C3-neck lateral flexion
C4-shoulder elevation
C5-shoulder abduction
C6-elbow flexion/wrist extension
C7-elbow extension/wrist flexion
C8-thumb extension
T1-finger abduction
L2-hip flexion
L3-knee extension
L4-ankle dorsi-flexion
L5-great toe extension
S1-ankle plantar-flexion
S2-knee flexion