1. Attractions Within & Between Molecules
Molecular Forces
Attractions Within & Between Molecules

2. Intramolecular Forces
Forces within a single molecule (we call these bonds)
From strongest to weakest:
Covalent Bond
Ionic Bond
Metallic Bond

3. Intermolecular Forces
Forces between two or more molecules
From strongest to weakest:
Ion-Dipole Forces
Hydrogen Bonding
Dipole-Dipole Forces
Dispersion Forces

4. London Dispersion Forces
Temporary attractions between two nonpolar covalent molecules
Occur when the electrons around a molecule become unevenly distributed, causing a slight dipole

5. Dipole-Dipole Forces
Attractions between two polar covalent molecules (permanent dipoles)
The partial positive end of one polar molecule is attracted to the partial negative end of another polar molecule.

6. Hydrogen Bonding NOT A BOND! A strong dipole-dipole force
Only occurs between polar molecules where H is bonded to N, O, or F

7. Ion-Dipole Forces
Attractive forces between an ion and a polar molecule
Example: Salt in Water
Slightly negative Oxygen is attracted to Na+
Slightly positive Hydrogens are attracted to Cl-