1. UNIX/LINUX Commands
Using BASH
Copyright © 2017 – Curt Hill

2. Introduction Unlike in DOS there is nothing like internal commands
Rather, every command is an executable
Executables are not indicated by an extension either
Most commands are in a portion of file system owned by the OS
You may also create your own programs which are not commands
The concept of the path originated in UNIX so commands may be in your space
Copyright © 2017 – Curt Hill

3. General UNIX and LINUX are case sensitive
Files and commands must be in the correct case
Most commands are usually all lower case
Copyright © 2017 – Curt Hill

4. Accessing the System
Unless you want to use a dual boot or Virtual machine type of approach, we will usually connect to a machine through the network
We need a client program that will do the connection and allow us to login and send commands
We will use the Windows PuTTY
The TTY is the TeleTYpe abbreviation
This is a window with a console in it
Copyright © 2017 – Curt Hill

5. PuTTY
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6. Notes We put in an IP or machine name in the host name
Specifying SSH gets the right port
Secure Shell
We then click Open to get to the login screen
Our server will want a login name and password
We then typically get the following screen
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7. The Login Screen
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8. Notes The login name is visible Reproduced for the password
The password is blackened when type so not visible
Most of the screen shots are from a Raspberry PI
It uses Raspberrian a Debian Linux derivation
However, the next is from Ubuntu
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9. Initial Logged in Screen
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10. File Commands
Now that we can login it is time to look at the normal file commands
We need to be able show the contents of directory, move, copy, delete and the like
However, first we have to consider options
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11. Command Line Options Almost every command has a plethora of options
This presentation will cover only a few for each command
These are preceded by a dash
MS uses the forward slash
Options generally come first after the command name
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12. File Specification Wild Cards
The usual:
* is zero or more characters
UNIX does not believe in name+extension
The * can cover a . as well
? Any one character
[ ] Any characters in the brackets
Regular expression set
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13. LS This shows the contents of the directory
You may specify a file or file specification
There are a variety of options
l gives the long listing
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14. Picture
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15. Notes The prompt is showing the directory
The default behavior is to sort the results
The long option shows the directories and permissions
Owner Group World
Read Write eXecute
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16. CP Short for copy cp src dest
May do simple files or entire directories
Two options to mention
n do not overwrite like named files
r recursively copy subdirectories
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17. CAT Short for concatenate cat file
Typical way to copy things to the console
Multiple files may be specfied
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18. Picture
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19. MV Move mv src dest mv is like cp but deletes the original
This is the usual way to rename a file as well
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20. RM Remove is delete It will delete files Use rmdir for directorie
However, -r will recursively remove directories and files
Easy for this to get out of hand
The i option prompts for each deletion
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21. CD or CHDIR The change directory command
cd is short for chdir
The abbreviation is much newer than original
Very similar to the DOS command
There is no man for cd but chdir
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22. MKDIR Create a new directory No abbreviation for this one
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23. RMDIR Removes a directory Directory must be empty
This may include multiple directories
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24. MAN Short for manual – this is the help of UNIX Format is: man cmd
Whenever you don’t know use the man page to find the parameters
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25. MAN MAN
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26. Exiting The logout command exits the system
The exit command will also do it
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27. Conclusion This is not the conclusion – we have more to do
This should give the ability to manipulate the files of our directories
We will need a demo and then more commands of other types
Copyright © 2017 – Curt Hill