1. Genetics
Chapters 13-15

2. Mitosis Two identical daughter cells Interphase
Cell growth, preparing for cell division
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Cytokinesis

3. Mitosis Karyotype: picture of the chromosomes Chromatids (sister):
2 halves joined by a centromere
Homologous chromosomes
Matched pair of chromosomes

4. Meiosis 2 successive rounds No replication of DNA between them
Meiosis I
Half the number of chromosomes
Meiosis II
4 haploid cells

6. Synapsis: homologous chromosomes pair
Crossing-over:
Homologues exchange information
Nondisjunction:
Failure to separate properly
Down syndrome, Turner syndrome

7. Mendel Genetics:Study of heredity Genotype Phenotype
Alleles: two alternate forms of the character
Dominant
Recessive
F1(first filial generation)
F2(second filial generation)

8. Mendel’s laws of heredity
Law of Segregation:
Alternate alleles separate
Law of Independent Assortment:
Genes located on different chromosomes

9. Mendel Mononhybrid: Heterozygous one trait Dihybrid:
Heterozygous two traits
Testcross

10. Not Mendel Polygenes Additive effect Pleiotropy
Allele-more than one effect on phenotype
Sickle cell, cystic fibrosis

11. Not Mendel Incomplete dominance Environmental effects Epistasis
One gene interferes with the expression of another gene
Codominance ABO blood types

12. Pedigree

13. Sex-linked Mom passes on X-chromosome to son Hemophilia
Color-blindness
DMD

14. Human chromosomes 23 pairs 22 autosomes 1 sex chromosome pair
XX female
XY male