1. LABOUR, LABOUR FORCE AND
TOPIC 5
LABOUR, LABOUR FORCE AND
LABOUR RELATIONS

2. At the end of this topic, students should be able to understand:
Population structure concept
Types of population structure
Employment structure
Labour and labour force.
Unemployment
Labour unions
Functions of labour unions
Background and objective MTUC
Background and objectives of NUTP
Background and objectives of NUBE

3. Population structure
Population structure refers to the composition of a population according to age and sex of the individuals. 4

4. Population structure concepts

5. Types of population structure

6. FIGURE: MALAYSIA POPULATION STRUCTURE 2010

7. MALAYSIA POPULATION STRUCTURE 2010
Based on the population pyramid in 2010, the number of male and female population are almost the same in number.
The distribution of the age between the two genders are also almost equal.
This population pyramid shows that the birth rate is high indicating that the population growth is rapid.
The proportion of younger population for both genders which is shown at the bottom of the population pyramid is big showing that the population is expanding.
The smaller old population which is shown at the top of the pyramid showing that life expectancy is low.

8. Inequality of income
Economic inequality (also described as the gap between rich and poor, income inequality, wealth disparity, or wealth and income differences) is the difference between individuals or populations in the distribution of their assets, wealth, or income.

9. Employment structure
Employment structure means how the workforce is divided up between the three main employment sectors - primary, secondary and tertiary.
Employment structures change over time.

10. What is labour?
Labour is the aggregate of all human physical and mental effort used in creation of goods and services
Labor is a primary factor of production

12. What is labour force?
People aged between 15 to 64 years old who are working or actively seeking for jobs. The labor force of a country includes both, the employed and the unemployed.

13. Unemployment
Labour force participants who are available and willing to work but are unable to find jobs.
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14. Types of unemployment

15. 1. Structural unemployment
Structural unemployment occurs when there is a structural changes in the economy of a country.
The workers are not needed because the job is no longer part of the structure.
For example, most of productions are using machineries instead of labour to produce goods.

16. 2. Cyclical Unemployment
Cyclical unemployment occurs when there is a lack of jobs resulting from the downsizing of the economy in the business cycle.
When economy falls, demand will fall and companies cannot make profit.
For example, during recession or depression.

17. 3. Frictional Unemployment
Frictional unemployment occurs when people are in between jobs, or are entering the labour force.
These job seekers may be temporarily unemployed for a short period.
For example, graduates are unemployed before getting a job.

18. 4. Seasonal Unemployment
Seasonal unemployment occurs when there is a seasonal variation in the activities of a particular industries.
This is due do the climatic changes or changes in trends.
For example, fishermen cannot go fishing during monsoon season.

19. 5. Under-employment or disguised underemployment
This is the type of unemployment which is never practically seen, but only experienced.
Suppose a job which can be performed by just 10 worker, has in reality 20 workers, then the excess 10 workers who are not actually required are said to be under employed or disguised unemployed.

20. Labour unions
An organization of workers who have united together to achieve common goals such as protecting the integrity of its trade, achieving higher pay, increasing the number of employees an employer hires, and better working conditions.

21. Labour Unions functions
The principal purposes of a labor union are to:
Negotiate wages and working condition terms
Regulate relations between workers (its members) and the employer
Take collective action to enforce the terms of collective bargaining
Raise new demands on behalf of its members
Help settle their grievances.

22. The Malaysian Trades Union Congress (MTUC)
Kongres Kesatuan Sekerja Malaysia (MTUC) was formed in 1949 and was originally known as the Malayan Trades Union Council.
It then changed its name to the Malayan Trades Union Congress in 1958, and then to its current name with the formation of Malaysia.

23. Objectives
To do everything to promote the interest of it’s affiliated organisations, to improve the economic and social conditions of workers and render them assistance.
To ensure that policies are developed and action taken to ensure full employment, to work towards the establishment of a minimum wage a legal maximum working week of 44 hours and to establish training centres and extension of training facilities for workers.

24. Objectives
Provision for legislated Social Security measures to provide protection against sickness, unemployment, old age, injury, invalidity and retiring benefits and promotion of high standards of health, hygiene and welfare in all places of employment and seek adequate compensation for workers disabled by accidents and diseases.

25. National Union of the Teaching Profession (NUTP)
Objective:
To establish itself as an efficient and effective union to obtain and maintain the basic rights and privileges of teachers and provide excellent service to its members.

26. Objective
To establish itself as an efficient and effective union to obtain and maintain the basic rights and privileges of teachers and provide excellent service to its members.
Vision
To enhance the quality of the teaching profession in Malaysia.
Mission
Plan and carry out various programs to promote innovative, dynamic and progressive teachers in line with the vision of raising the standard and image of the Teaching Profession.

27. National Union of Bank Employees (NUBE)
A national union representing workers in the banking and financial institutions in Peninsular Malaysia. NUBE is a Union dedicated to serve, protect and provide for its members.

28. Among the primary responsibilities are;
Organize and recruit employees in the banking and financial institution in Peninsular Malaysia as members of NUBE.
Advice and represent members at their respective workplace;
Help members to understand and defend their rights at employment.

29. Among objectives of NUBE are:
 To regulate relations between employers and members as regards salaries, wages and conditions of employment, and to endeavor to adjust any difference between them by amicable and conciliatory means.
 To promote the economic, social and educational welfare of the members.