2. Statistical Reasoning Discussion Paragraph:5B
1 web
47. Polling Organization
48. Harper’s Index
1 world
49. Applying the Guidelines
50. Believable Results
51. Unbelievable Results
52. Legal Experts
53. Biased Questioning 5C
48. CO2 Emissions
49. Energy Table
50. Statistical Abstract
1 World
51. Frequency Tables
52. Bar Graph
53. Pie Chart
54. Histogram
55. Line Chart
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3. Unit 5D
Graphics in the Media
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4. Graphics Beyond the Basics
A multiple bar graph has two or more sets of bars that allow comparison between two or more data sets. All the data sets must involve the same categories so that they can be displayed on the same graph.
A stack plot shows different data sets in a vertical stack. Stack plots usually use either stacked bars or stacked line graphs.
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5. A Multiple Bar Graph
The following multiple bar graph shows how education affects personal employment.
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6. Education and Employment CN (1a-b)
1. Examine Figure.
a. What is its major message?
b. Why are the two sets of bars shown separately that next to each other?
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7. A Stack Plot
The following stack plot shows trends in death rates from four diseases.
Illustrate with this graphic how color can help the researcher identify, at a glance, patterns and key geographical regions that may be of an influence in the context of the study.
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8. Reading a Stack Plot What was the death rate for tuberculosis in 1930?
About 220 – 100 = 120 deaths per 100,000
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9. Stack Plot CN (2)
2. What was the death rate for cardiovascular disease in 1980?
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10. Interpreting Geographical Data CN (3)
3. Which state has the highest per capita energy usage?
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11. Interpreting Geographical Data CN (4)
4. Were there any temperatures above 80 degrees Fahrenheit in the US on the date shown?
Where?
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12. Three Dimensional Bird Migration CN (5-6)
5. About what time was the largest number of birds flying over the east-west
line marked by the seven
cities?
6. Over what part of New
York did most of the birds fly?
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13. Olympic Women CN (7) Describe 3 trends shown in this figure.
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14. A Few Cautions about Graphics
Perceptual distortions: Many graphics are drawn in a way that distorts our perception of them.
Watch the scales: It can be visually deceptive if you do not study the scales carefully.
Percentage change graphs: Graphs that show percentage change can be misleading unless you interpret them with great care.
Pictographs: Pictographs are graphs embellished with additional artwork. The artwork may make the graph more appealing, but can also mislead.
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15. Perceptual Distortion
The lengths of the dollars to the right represent the data, but your eyes tend to focus on the area.
Show students why many two-dimensional graphics can distort our perspective either intentionally or unintentionally. Explain the idea of area versus length of the dollars.
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16. Different Vertical Scales
Illustrate and stress the importance of choosing a scale when graphing data and reading a graph's scale carefully. Help students realize that the choice of a scale can change the look of the data.
Both graphs show the same data, but they look very different because their vertical scales have different ranges.
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17. Different Horizontal Scales
Illustrate and stress the importance of choosing a scale when graphing data and reading a graph's scale carefully. Help students realize that the choice of a scale can change the look of the data.
It appears that the world population has been rising linearly. However, the time intervals on the horizontal axis are not uniform in size.
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18. Quick Quiz CN (8)
8. Please answer all ten of the quick quiz questions together as a group.
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19. 5D Homework Discussion Paragraph (5B and5C) p.345: 1-12 1 web 1 world
39. Weather Maps
40. Cancer Cure
1 world
41. News Graphics
42. Geographical Data
43. Three-Dimensional Effects
44. Graphic Confusion
45. Outstanding News Graph
Class Notes 1-8
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