1. Introduction to AP Human Geography
Mr. Stepek

2. Geography thru history GR #3, 7 - 8
“geography” from the Greek (Eratosthenes)
“geo” = Earth
“graph” = to write or describe
 geography = “to write about or describe the Earth”
Eratosthenes also calculated the Earth’s circumference within .5% accuracy
Aristotle = torrid, temperate and frigid zones
Ptolemy = wrote Guide to Geography (“Geographica”) an eight volume series detailing the cities and peoples of the Earth.
Insert a picture illustrating a season in your country.

3. Map scale (relationship of distance on a map to that in reality) (GR 9 – 10)
Expressed in terms of words, fraction, ratio, or bar scale
Large scale = small area
Small scale = large area

4. Must compare “apples to apples”!!!
level of aggregation/generalization (on what “scale” are you analyzing a phenomenon) GR25
Must compare “apples to apples”!!!

5. Models: Abstract generalization to help explain a common pattern.
Spatial models show commonalities in the patterns on the landscapes
Non-spatial models show a pattern on other than a map.

6. “Mapping a 3-dimensional world on a 2-dimensional surface” = Map Projections (GR 11)

7. Mercator Projection (1569)

8. Classic distortion example: South America vs. Greenland

9. Robinson Projection

10. Peters Projection

11. Goode’s homolosine “Interrupted” projection
All projections have some degree of distortion:
size, shape, distance, or direction