1. Journal Topic: Civilization
Task: Describe in your own words what the word civilization means. Also describe two words that could be considered the opposite of civilization.
Jefferson believed that if American Indians were made to adopt European-style agriculture and live in European-style towns and villages, then they would quickly "progress" from "savagery" to "civilization" and eventually be equal, in his mind, to white men.
Source: “American Indians.” Monticello. 4 September

2. Journal Topic: Manifest Destiny and Causes of Conflict with Native Americans
Task: Read the following quote and describe what it means in your own words? How could this attitude potentially lead to conflict between Native Americans and European Americans?
“It is our manifest destiny to over spread and possess the whole of the continent which providence has given us for the development of the great experiment of liberty.”—John O’ Sullivan, editor of the Morning Post (1845)

3. Cherokee Removal—Trail of Tears Debate/Simulation
Introduction: Students will engage in a mock Congressional debate to determine if the Cherokee will be removed to the Indian Territory in Oklahoma.
Performance Objectives: Students will effectively analyze and utilize primary sources to formulate arguments supporting or opposing removal of the Cherokee.
Guiding Unit Essential Question to Consider: What were the major causal factors of conflict between European-Americans and Native Americans?

4. Cornell Notes for Video:
Unit: Native Americans
Topic: Cherokee Indian Removal
Guiding Questions:
1. Who were the principle people involved in the issue of Indian Removal on both sides?
2. Why did the government and other Whites want to remove the Cherokee?
3. What was the end result?
Big Picture Essential Question: What factors were responsible for conflict between European Americans and Native Americans?

5. Trail of Tears

6. Relocation of Major Tribes by the Indian Removal Act

7. President Andrew Jackson—Jackson pushed for passage of the Indian Removal Act of 1830
“John Marshall has made his decision; let him enforce it if he can.”—A. Jackson

8. Cherokee Removal—Trail of Tears Debate/Simulation Cornell Notes
Unit: Native Americans
Topic: Trail of Tears
Guiding Questions:
What was the Indian Removal Act?
What was the Treaty of Echota?
How far were the Cherokee forced to travel on the Trail of Tears?
(Write one question in the margins.)

9. Primary Source Analysis
Read each of the primary source documents
For each document include the number and title.
Summarize the main points of each document (Jackson makes at least five points regarding removal)
Indicate whether the document supports removal or opposes removal

10. Primary Source Analysis
Read each of the primary source documents
For each document include the number and title.
Summarize the main points of each document (Jackson makes at least five points regarding removal)
Indicate whether the document supports removal or opposes removal

11. Debate Scenario
Situation: Senate Debate to Determine Whether the U.S. should sign the Treaty of New Echota
Parties for the Debate: Pro-Removal Senators and Anti-Removal Senators
Audience: Fellow Senators concerned with the best interest of the United States of America
Resources: Primary Source Packet and your brain.

12. Debate Format Question #1. 1. Side A. Response 2. Side B. Rebuttal
3. Side A. Redirect
Question #2.
1. Side B. Response
2. Side A. Rebuttal
3. Side B. Redirect

13. Debate Scoring Rubric 1. Logic (+) 2. Articulation/Clarity (+)
3. Historical Information (+)
4. Creativity/Originality (+)
5. Referencing Sources (+)
1. Illogical (-)
2. Confusing (-)
3. Historically Inaccurate (-)
4. Repetitive (-)
5. Interrupting and Speaking out of turn (-)

14. Debate Preparation Choose Groups Choose a group leader
Discuss the main points of each primary source
List the arguments supporting your position (Four Points)—each person is responsible for a debate sheet. Use the primary sources to support your points.
List opposition points to your position
List rebuttal points to opposition points
List historical facts, primary source information to support your position
Decide who will represent your group in the debate panel.

15. Bonus Research Option
1. Develop a timeline regarding the Cherokee Indians and Removal
2. Timeline must include what you feel are the 5 most important events.
3. Include the specific date of the event.
4. Include a description of the event.
5. Describe why you think the event is important.

16. Topic: Cherokee Debate Reflection
1. What was your overall opinion of the debate? What did you like about the debate and what did you not like about the debate?
2. How do you feel you did regarding your participation in the debate?
3. What could you do in the future to improve your performance in the debate?