1. Chapter 12 Services and Settlements
Key Issue 4B

2. Key Issue 4(B)
Why Do Services Cluster in URBAN Settlements?

3. Know These Words! city city-state urban urbanization
social heterogeinity

4. Urban Settlements
there have been major urban settlements since ancient times urban settlements are distinguished from rural settlements by the concentration of consumer services and by the range of public services offered

5. Why Do Services Cluster in Earliest Urban Settlements
earliest urban settlements were probably in the Fertile Crescent of Southwest Asia and North Africa
among the oldest is Ur in Mesopotamia

6. Urbanization
ancient urban settlements were s first established in eastern Mediterranean about 2,500 B.C
Knossos (Crete)
Troy (Turkey)
Mycenae (Greece)
these settlements were primarily trading centers, then organized into city-states- independent self-governing communities that included the settlement and nearby countryside.
Athens (largest city-state in Greece)
Rome

7. Largest Prehistoric Urban Settlements

8. Medieval Urban Settlements
dense network of small market towns serving the needs of particular lords covered much of Europe
largest medieval European settlements served as power centers for the lords, church leaders, and as major market centers
tallest and most elaborate structures were usually churches
usually surrounded by walls

9. Current Urbanization Trends
cities are rapidly growing- about 54% of global population
aspects of urbanization:
an increase in the of people living in urban settlements
an increase in the of people living in urban settlements.
MDCs: ¾ of population is urbanized
LDCs: ⅖ of population is urbanized
NOTE!
social heterogeneity is DECREASED in cities
Developing countries have 8 of the 10 most populous cities.