2. There were men who worked in the cooking rooms, in the midst of steam and sickening odors, by artificial light; in these rooms the germs of tuberculosis might live for two years, but the supply was renewed every hour. There were the beef-luggers, who carried two-hundred-pound quarters into the refrigerator-cars; a fearful kind of work, that began at four o'clock in the morning, and that wore out the most powerful men in a few years. There were those who worked in the chilling rooms, and whose special disease was rheumatism; the time limit that a man could work in the chilling rooms was said to be five years. There were the wool-pluckers, whose hands went to pieces even sooner than the hands of the pickle men; for the pelts of the sheep had to be painted with acid to loosen the wool, and then the pluckers had to pull out this wool with their bare hands, till the acid had eaten their fingers off.

3. Upton Sinclair
“I aimed at the public's heart, and by accident I hit it in the stomach.”

7. Ludlow Massacre

8. Labor union- association of workers organized to improve wages and working conditions for its members.
Strikes- deliberate work stoppage by workers to force an employer to give in to their demands.
Craft union- union made up of skilled workers in a specific trade or industry. (carpentry or printing)
Industrial Union- union made up of all the workers in an industry regardless of job or skill level.

9. AFL-CIO
American Federation of Labor began as an organization of craft unions.
Congress of Industrial Organizations- 1935
Combined forces in 1955, broke apart once more in 2005.

10. 3 levels of union
Local union- members of a union in a particular factory, company, or geographic area.
National unions
Federation

11. Collective bargaining
Collective bargaining- process by which unions and employers negotiate the conditions of employment
Mediation- a neutral person tries to get both sides to reach an agreement during negotiations.
Arbitration- union and management submit the issues they cannot agree on to a third party for a final decision.

12. Strikes and management
Picketing- action of strikers who walk in front of a workplace carrying signs that state their disagreement with the company.
Lockout- situation that occurs when management prevents workers from returning to work until they agree to a new contract.
Injunction- court order preventing some activity (strikes)

13. Recent Strikes

15. Boycott- economic pressure exerted by unions urging the public not to purchase the goods or services produced by a company