1. UNIFIED FUNCTIONAL TESTING ( UFT )
Aliza Tech
Technology Consulting Services

2. What is QTP/UFT? Seat License:
HP Unified Functional Testing (UFT)
HP Quick Test Professional (QTP)
It is an automated testing tool provided by HP.
This tool helps testers to perform an automated functional testing seamlessly without monitoring once script development is complete.
UFT is primarily used for functional, regression and service testing.
Seat License:
Seat license is machine based license, HP will ask you to provide the Locking generate a Seat License based on your Locking Code. Seat License is not dependent on Network.
Concurrent License:
Concurrent license is not machine based. We can use this license on any machine.

3. Manual: Automated: Speed: Reliable: Repeatable:
Usage of steps defined within test cases to manually test the application to ensure that it functions properly
Automated:
Automation of the manual testing process to all unattended execution and ensure repeat ability
Speed:
Automated tests are fast and can execute at a speed faster than a person can click
Reliable:
The tests can perform the exact same steps every time without concern about human error
Repeatable:
You run the same test against multiple builds/versions of an application

4. Reusable: Can be reused as a sub-part of different tests Windows: Web:
C++, Visual Basic, Java, .NET
Web:
Web Applications, Web services, Flash
Other technologies
SAP, Siebel, Oracle, Peoplesoft, ActiveX

5. Manual testing and Automation testing
what is manual testing?
Manual testing is a testing where a human sitting in front of a computer and executing each and every steps as designed in test cases.
What is automation testing?
Is a testing designed by human being but executed by machine.

6. Manual vs Automation
- Manual testing done carefully by a human being sitting in front of a computer.
- It is a kind of testing done carefully and performed by applying all kind of logic needed at any time during execution.
- Time consuming as it is done by human being.
- Investment needed for human resources so cost can be increased if many people needed .
- All test must be done manually before automated.

7. Automation - It is executed by machine once the framework done.
- Automation tools are the investment to do automation and a skilled automation engineer needed to operate . Once that is fixed it can replace the work of many manual tester and save money.
- It is faster than manual testing as machine is involved
- Needs skilled hand to operate and design automation script
- Reusability is the main feature of automation
- automation is needed when there is a need of repetition .

8. Where and when we need automation?
- For Regression testing: We need automation where an application needs to be tested repeatedly when it is updated or frequently changing.
- To save cost
- As if we need a big application to keep regression testing and load or performance testing again and again manually we need many manual testes and also a lot of time. It can cost us a lot to pay for the testing. Automation testing in this case saves a lot of money and time for us. To measure the server load we need all the people logged at the same time which is impossible . So the only way is automation and create virtual users for load and performance testing.
- And the test needs repeated execution of task automation is the best choice for those

9. Automation testing tools
There are many automation testing tools available now a days.
Lets talk about few
Free to download use
Limited user support :You have to rely on online sources to get help with the tools.
Some open source tools are : selenium, Soap UI, Apache Jemeter, sahi
Commercial
You have to pay for the licensing part that money goes to pay for a dedicated user support. There is a helpdesk that user can get help with anything about the tool with various issues
Some commercial tools:
Squish, Test complete, egplant, QTP/UFT

10. Is a commercial automation tool
Lets get a little background on QTP/UFT
Is a commercial automation tool
Image based object recognition. UFT learns object as human would do through the way looking at screen
Functional and regression testing tool also support some performance testing.
Object based testing tool, it performance test based on front end object
It contains sql engine through which we can automate backend.
It contains VB script engine so we can use any VB script feature.

11. UNIFIED FUNCTIONAL TESTING
Little history
1st it was introduced with mercury interactive corp. and then in 2007 it was bought by HP enterprise.
From version 11.5 it was named as UFT which was released in 2012
UFT supports only windows operation system
It is not supported by UNIX or LINUX system
Different kind of license available
Seat License: This license is tied to the computer on which it is installed.
This is also known as floating license. This license type requires a concurrent license server to be installed in your office/local network. With concurrent license, a pool of licenses are assigned to the concurrent license server. Anybody in a local network can connect to this pool as long as at least a single license is available
Commuter License: This can be said as a special type of concurrent license which can be used when you don’t have access to the license server
Remote Commuter License: This is used when you want a license for a particular machine (say John’s machine) but John’s machine is not able to connect to the license server for checkout purposes.

12. What can be done with UFT
It supports record and playback
It uses active screen to record scripts and helps tester in referring the screen object properties
It has excellent object identification process or mechanism
It supports different add-ins like Oracle, Java, SAP, NET, Web Forms, People soft, etc..
It allows you to enhance the existing tests even without the AUT(application under testing through an active screen )
It supports popular automation frameworks- keyword driven testing approach, modular testing approach, data driven testing approach, etc..
It comes with an inbuilt IDE( integrated development environment)
It can be integrated with Test management tools like Quality Center, Test Director, and Win runner
Different types of suites like Smoke, Regression, Sanity can be easily maintained
It supports XML (extensible mark up language)
Test reporting is possible through QTP for analysis purpose
Easy to maintain

13. Add ins: Two type of Add ins:
Internal Add-ins
External Add-ins
When we select and add-ins in the add in manager window we are telling UFT what type of application we are working with.
If it is a web application we will select web
If it is a windows we will select windows.

14. Add-ins that are available in UFT
These four are internal add-ins
- ActiveX
- Visual Basic
- Web
- Slandered windows
Some External Add-ins
- Delphi
- Flex
- Java
- .NET
- Oracle
- PeopleSoft
- PowerBuilder
- Qt
- SAP
- Siebel
- Stingray
- Terminal Emulator(For Mainframe applications)
- Visual Age

15. How UFT works? UFT works by identifying objects
We can work with UFT in three different ways:
- Record and Run: Simply just use a button to record and then run the test to execute
- Drag and Drop: We will drag only those object that we will work with so it gives us the flexibility to create the way we want to work with the application.
- Descriptive programming: This is the best effective way to work with as we can design our test as we want to. It gives us the flexibility to add all the features that is not included in regular UFT record and Run features.

16. Object identification
Object spy
We can use this tool to point out the particular object that we will work with and with it’s hierarchy.
Object identification

17. Mandatory and assistive properties
Mandatory properties
Normally the one that we must need to uniquely identify the object
If mandatory properties are not enough we need to go for assistive properties .
There are two other thing associated object identification they are
Smart identification and ordinal identifier

18. Check points
It is a validation and verification point to check If it is meeting the requirements need.
Another way to define
To make sure the application is running as required we will check the current value match with the expected value.

19. Different check points available in UFT
Slandered checkpoint
Bitmap checkpoint
File content checkpoint
Text area checkpoint
Test checkpoint
Image checkpoint
Database checkpoint
Table checkpoint
Accessibility checkpoint
XML checkpoint

20. Output value
An output value step ,is a step in which a object property value is  captured at a specific point in your test and stored at a desired location. The stored values can be used as input at a different points in test script
Types of Output Values
Standard output value
Text /Text Area output value
Data base output value
XML output value (from application/resources)
Creating an Output Value is very similar to creating a Checkpoint. A  Standard output value can be used on any object to output value of any of its properties. You can select one or many properties from the same object as output. Following video, gives steps to create an standard output value

21. What is descriptive programming
Programming used in UFT with VB scripting is known as descriptive programming as it describe the whole process step by step with all the details to work with the application.
Why we need programming over record and run feature
As UFT provides the feature to just record and create an object repository which is an easy way to manage and run test but still it has a lot of limitations.
Here are some points that tells why we need the DP

22. Descriptive programming we will just simply create a script based on our requirement we can apply our own logic to use checkpoint and output value.
The test run will be much faster and nothing needs to load on the object repository.
It gives us the portability option.
Data parameterization is much easier with DP
It is not limited .
Types of Descriptive Programming
You can use Descriptive programming in two ways 1) Static
2) Dynamic

23. Data types There is only one data type in VB Scripting
It is called variant
There are subtype
The following table shows subtypes of data that a Variant can contain.
Subtype
Description
Empty
Variant is uninitialized. Value is 0 for numeric variables or a zero-length string ("") for string variables.
Null
Variant intentionally contains no valid data.
Boolean
Contains either True or False.
Byte
Contains integer in the range 0 to 255.
Integer
Contains integer in the range -32,768 to 32,767.

24. Currency
-922,337,203,685, to 922,337,203,685,
Long
Contains integer in the range -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647.
Single
Contains a single-precision, floating-point number in the range E38 to E-45 for negative values; E-45 to E38 for positive values.
Double
Contains a double-precision, floating-point number in the range E308 to E-324 for negative values; E-324 to E308 for positive values.
Date (Time)
Contains a number that represents a date between January 1, 100 to December 31, 9999.
String
Contains a variable-length string that can be up to approximately 2 billion characters in length.
Object
Contains an object.
Error
Contains an error number.

25. XML - EXTENSIBLE MARKUP LANGUAGE (XML)
XML stands for Extensible Markup LANGUAGE
Three Important Characteristics of XML:
1. XML is Extensible - Allows you to create your own self-descriptive tags (language) that suits your application
2. XML CARRIES data, it does not present it - XML allows you to store the data regardless of how it will be presented
3. XML is a public standard - XML was developed by an organization called the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) and is available as an open standard

26. XML is a MARKUP language which defines a set of rules for encoding documents in a format that both humans and machines can read "Markup" is information added to a document that enhances its meaning in certain ways - it identifies the parts and how they relate to each other A Markup Language is a set of symbols (tags) that can be placed in the text of a document to demarcate and label the parts of that document Demarcate = to set the boundaries/limits Example: <Variable> <Name>URL</Name> <Value>" </Variable> Tags --> <Variable>, </Variable>, <Name>, </Name>, <Value>, </Value> => <Variable> & </Variable> Demarcate the start and end of the XML code fragment

27. What is a Test automation framework?
A set of guidelines (coding standards, test-data handling, OR management, etc.) which when followed during automation scripting, produce beneficial outcomes
These are simply guidelines, they are NOT rules (not mandatory)
You can ignore these guidelines, but then you’ll also miss out on the beneficial outcomes

28. Benefits of automation framework
Increased Code Re-usage
We can re-use the same code multiple times
Reduces the time needed to prepare for each test run
Higher portability
The same framework can be used by the entire test team
Even inexperienced testers (testers with little to no knowledge of scripting/programming) can use the framework and execute automation tests against an application
Reduced Script Maintenance costs
We don’t need to spend much time updating and maintaining our automation scripts

29. Types of frameworks we will learn
Data-Driven Framework:
Separates the test data from the script
Allows testers to test the application with multiple sets of test data (data sensitive testing)
Keyword-Driven Framework:
Separates the logic from the test script
Allows testers to test specific features or functions of the application, while ignoring others (regression testing of specific test cases out of many)
Hybrid Framework:
Allows testers to test specific features or functions of the application, while ignoring others (regression testing)

30. Recovery Scenarios .qrs
Data driven framework
NON UFT STAFF
UFT ENGINEERS
READ DATA
Coding Standards
Env. Variables .xml
UFT SCRIPTS OR ACTIONS
TEST DATA
.XLSX
OR .tsr
Recovery Scenarios .qrs
TEST RESULTS
.XLSX
Functions .txt or .vbs
AOM Scripts .vbs
WRITE RESULTS
Pros: Fast setup, cuts the test lifecycle, increases accuracy, data can be maintained by non-UFT staff
Cons: UFT skill is required to add test cases, rigid (not so flexible in terms of many test cases

31. Keyword Driven Framework
NON UFT STAFF
UFT ENGINEERS
READ KEYWORDS
Coding Standards
Env. Variables .xml
TEST STEPS
.XLSX
DRIVER
TEST CASES
.XLSX +
OR .tsr
Recovery Scenarios .qrs
FUNCTIONS
ACTIONS
Functions .txt or .vbs
DEFECT LOGS
AOM Scripts .vbs
TEST RESULTS
.XLSX
WRITE RESULTS
Pros: Ease of maintenance, reduced rework, efficient, fast, involves non-UFT personnel
Cons: Initial effort, more complex (than DDF), End-user training, fixed set of data

32. READ KEYWORDS & READ DATA
Hybrid Framework
DATA DRIVEN + KEYWORD DRIVEN
NON UFT STAFF
UFT ENGINEERS
READ KEYWORDS & READ DATA
TEST CASES
.XLSX
TEST STEPS
.XLSX
Coding Standards
Env. Variables .xml +
DRIVER
OR .tsr
Recovery Scenarios .qrs
TEST DATA
.XLSX
FUNCTIONS
ACTIONS +
Functions .txt or .vbs
DATA
AOM Scripts .vbs
DEFECT LOGS
TEST RESULTS
.XLSX
PROS: Flexible, Easy Maintenance, cuts test lifecycle, increases accuracy, high involvement from non-UFT personnel, highest ROI
CONS: Setup, complex to implement
WRITE RESULTS

33. THANK YOU