1. Wednesday 4/21/2015 Industrialization and Gilded Age pt. 1
APUSH REVIEW SESSION #11
Wednesday 4/21/2015
Industrialization and Gilded Age pt. 1

2. Who Moved West? People searching for Gold Religious Reasons (Mormons)
People wanting freedom and better treatment (i.e. Black Americans)
People searching for Fortune, work (foreigners)
People wanting Land

3. Buffalo Soldiers Many Free blacks headed west for freedom
Some were treated better out west than on the east coast
Many became farmers and became land owners
Many went in search of Gold
Some, however, became buffalo Soldiers

4. Anti-Chinese: Ethnic Hostility
1882: Federal Chinese Exclusion Act suspends Chinese immigration for 10 years

5. Chinese Racism

6. Settlement of the West Unprecedented settlement 1870–1900
Most move west in periods of prosperity
Rising population drives demand for Western goods

7. The Final Fling 1889: Oklahoma opened to white settlement
Changing views of Far West
“Frontier thesis” treated West as cradle of individualism, innovation
New Western History sees West as arena of conflicting interests, erosion of environment

8. Indian Boarding Schools
Indian Children were sent to boarding Schools in the East
“Kill the Indian, Save the man”

9. 1890 Wounded Knee Ghost Dance- a way to call upon ancestors for help
Misunderstanding and fear led to around 150 men women and children being killed.
25 US troopers were also killed at Wounded Knee
Battle of Massacre?

10. The End of Tribal Life 1887: Dawes Severalty Act
Destroys communal ownership of Indian land
Gives small farms to each head of a family
Indians who leave tribes become U.S. citizens
Near-extermination of buffalo deals devastating blow to Plains Indians

11. POPULISTS

12. Republicans in Power: The Billion-Dollar Congress
1888: Republicans control both White House and Capitol Hill
1890: Adoption of Reed Rules permits enactment of “billion dollar” program 5

13. Tariffs, Trusts, and Silver
1890: McKinley Tariff raises duties to historic high
Dependents Pension Act: By 1893, 1 million receiving pensions from union army
1890: Sherman Anti-Trust Act regulates big business
U.S. vs. E.C. Knight clarifies that law does not apply to manufacturers 6

14. The Rise of the Populist Movement
Discontented farmers of West and South provide base of support
The National Farmers' Alliance and Industrial Union the result 8

15. The Farm Problem
Worldwide agricultural economy causes great fluctuations in supply and demand
Farmers’ complaints:
Lower prices for crops (although purchasing power rising)
Rising railroad rates (rates actually declining)
Onerous mortgages (loans permit production expansion) 9

16. The Fast-Growing Farmers’ Alliance
Division in the South
Tillman: Capture existing Democratic party to maintain white supremacy
Tom Watson and Leondias Polk urge new party
Starting 1890, Alliance runs candidates
Speakers like Mary “Yellin’” Lease promote Alliance candidates 10

17. The Fast-Growing Farmers’ Alliance: Ocala Demands
System of government warehouses to hold crops for higher prices
Free coinage of silver
Low tariffs
Federal income tax
Direct election of Senators
Regulation of railroads 11

18. The Presidential Election of 1896
Free coinage of silver the main issue
Boost the money supply
Seen as solution to depression
New voting patterns emerged and national policy shifted 22

19. The Mystique of Silver “Free and independent coinage of silver”
Set ratio of silver to gold at 16:1
U.S. mints coined all silver offered to them
U.S. coined silver regardless of other nations’ policies
Silverites believed amount in circulation determined level of economic activity
A moral crusade for the common people 23

20. Republicans and Gold Candidate: William McKinley
Silverite Republicans defeated on convention floor
Promised gold standard to restore prosperity

21. The Democrats and Silver
Candidate: William Jennings Bryan
Free silver promised in “Cross of Gold” speech
Democrats were enthusiastic

22. Campaign and Election Populist party endorsed Bryan
Bryan offered return to rural, religious U.S.
McKinley defended urban, industrial society
Election was a clear victory for McKinley, utter rout of Populist party 24

23. The McKinley Administration
McKinley took office at depression’s end
An activist president
Dingley Tariff raised rates to record highs
1900: U.S. placed on gold standard
1900: McKinley won landslide reelection against William Jennings Bryan 25