1. Introduction to Orienteering
Unit 2 - Interpret Orienteering Maps
Shape of the Ground
Introduction:
Natural terrain will contain areas of elevation such as hills, slopes and mountains. Since maps are a 2-dimensional representatives of the ground, there needs to be some way to represent height on a map. This is where contour lines come in.
In this section we will introduce:
What a contour line is
How to identify common shapes found in the terrain

2. Introduction to Orienteering
Unit 2 - Interpret Orienteering Maps
Shape of the Ground
Contour Lines
A contour line is a line on a map that represents height and is at an equal elevation throughout its length.
Each contour line represents a certain height above sea level, and are used to help provide a visual representation of what the ground could look like. Basically, they help try to provide a 3D picture in a 2D format.
This illustration on shows how contours may appear on a map, and what landform they may represent.

3. Introduction to Orienteering
Unit 2 - Interpret Orienteering Maps
Shape of the Ground
Contour Features
Contour lines can reveal some specific features that are recognizable within the landscape. Some of the most common are described below.
Click below to see the symbol.
When contour lines are very close together this denotes a steep slope.
When contours are far apart this represents a gradual slope.
Spur
Re-entrant
Saddle
Valley
Steep Slope
Gradual Slope
Note: click the symbol again to make the arrow disappear.
Valleys are formed between two prominent hills.