1. Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad Hydraulic Machines By, Mohammad Arish Lodi Shashank Zodape

2. What is Hydraulics ? Hydraulics is a topic in applied science and engineering dealing with the mechanical properties of fluids. On a very basic level Hydraulics is used for the generation, control, and transmission of fluids in order to produce some mechanical work or in general as a part of river engineering.

3. The basic laws of Hydraulics Fluid Mechanics provides the theoretical foundation of hydraulics and focuses mainly on its engineering applications. The basic laws of fluid dynamics that govern the working of any hydraulic system are: Pascal's Law: It states that pressure exerted anywhere in a confined incompressible fluid is transmitted equally in all directions throughout the fluid such that the pressure ratio (initial difference) remains the same. The siphon, Hydraulic jack, Hydraulic press and Breaking system for automobiles are some examples of application of this law..

4. The relationship between pressure, force and area is given by P=F/A T This relationship is very useful for obtaining a mechanical advantage. As per the Pascals law the pressure in a fluid remains the same every- where. Which implies that the ratio of force and area must remain constant. This fact can be used to lift greater weights with lesser forces as shown in the figure.

5. Our Project : The Hydraulic Pick and Place Machine Our project is based on the same laws that are mentioned before. Syringes are used as actuators as well as the switches. The medium of transmission is water. The whole project uses four pair of syringes and in each pair one syringe is acting as the actuator and the other one acts as the direction control valve. We can also use syringes of different diameter. This is done to make sure that with application of less force more work can be done that is obtaining a mechanical advantage.

6. Working Mechanism The first pair of syringes is responsible for the vertical motion of the mechanical arm. The second pair of syringes is employed for the rotation of the machine arm.

7. The third pair is used for holding purposes i.e. for the main pick and place task which our purely mechanical robot is supposed to perform. For pick and place task the machine arm contains two set of jaws : One is fixed jaw while the other is movable jaw. The movable jaw actually closes or opens with the forward or backward motion of the actuator thus leading to holding and dropping the objects. In same lines a fifth pair can also be used to extend the range of the arm or for the rotation of the jaws so that it can perform more complex tasks with greater ease.

8. The Advantages and Disadvantages of this Hydraulic Arm Advantages: The robot used can have many industrial uses. When used in a locomotive format can be of great use in the production and packaging field. The simplicity and easy to repair design makes it really cheap. Disadvantages: The input here is mechanical. Use of electrical circuits can make it much more simpler to operate and have a better control over it which is difficult in purely mechanical design.

9. Bibliography www.google.co.in www.wikipedia.org.in www.youtube.com www.capetronics.com Image courtesies http://www.oocities.org/rjwarren_stm/College_Physics/hydraulic- pic.gif http://www.mintye.com/IMAGES/g_main_brake_system1.jpg