1. CREATED BY T.ALAA AL AMOUDI
Chapter 1
Entrepreneurship and the
Entrepreneurial Mind-Set
Prepared by T. Alaa Al Amoudi
Entrepreneurship, Published by: McGraw Hill, 8th edition

2. LEARNING OBJECTIVES  
To introduce the concept of entrepreneurship and explain the entrepreneurial process.
To introduce effectuation as a way that expert entrepreneurs sometimes think.
To develop the notion that entrepreneurs learn to be cognitively adaptable.
To acknowledge that some entrepreneurs experience failure and to recognize the process by which they maximize their ability to learn from that experience.
To recognize that entrepreneurs have an important economic impact and ethical and social responsibility
Entrepreneurship, Published by: McGraw Hill, 8th edition

3. Concepts and Definitions
Entrepreneur: is commonly seen as an innovator
( a generator of new ideas, and business processes. )
Entrepreneur is a person who starts an enterprise.
Entrepreneurship
Can be described as a process of an action of an entrepreneur to establish his enterprise.
Creative activity. It is the ability to create and build something from almost nothing.
Is the attitude of mind to seek opportunities, take risks and obtain benefits by setting up a business enterprise.
Entrepreneurship, Published by: McGraw Hill, 8th edition

4. Concepts and Definitions
The process of creation is called (entrepreneurship).
The entrepreneur is the actor and entrepreneurship is the act.
The outcome of the actor +act = is called the enterprise.
Enterprise: is the business organization that is formed and which provides goods and services, creates jobs contributes to national income, exports and over all economic development
Entrepreneurship, Published by: McGraw Hill, 8th edition

5. Definitions of the entrepreneurs mind-set
Entrepreneurial Mind-set: Involves the ability to make sense about the opportunities in the context of changing goals ,act, and mobilize even under uncertain condition. To be good in this task the individuals must develop a cognitive adaptability. Cognitive adaptability : Describe the point to which entrepreneurs are dynamic, flexible, self adaptable + engaging to the process of generating multiple decision frame works focused on sensing dealing out change in their environments and then acting on them .
Entrepreneurship, Published by: McGraw Hill, 8th edition

6. CREATED BY T.ALAA AL AMOUDI
Achieving cognitive adaptability by
Comprehension questions – Aids understanding of the nature of the environment before addressing an entrepreneurial challenge.
Connection tasks – Stimulates thinking about the current situation in terms of similarities and differences with situations previously faced and solved.
Strategic tasks – Stimulates thoughts about which strategies are appropriate for solving the problem (and why) or pursuing the opportunity (and how).
Reflection tasks – Stimulates thinking about their understanding and feelings as they progress through the entrepreneurial process.
Entrepreneurship, Published by: McGraw Hill, 8th edition

7. Definition of Entrepreneurship
Entrepreneurship is the process of creating something new with value by devoting the necessary time and effort; assuming the additional financial, psychic, and social risks and uncertainties; and receiving the resulting rewards of monetary and personal satisfaction.
Entrepreneurial action - Behavior in response to a judgmental decision under uncertainty about a possible opportunity for profit
Entrepreneurship, Published by: McGraw Hill, 8th edition

8. The definition stresses 4 basic aspects of being an entrepreneur
First, entrepreneurship involves the creation process— creating something new of value to both said entrepreneur and to the audience for which is it developed.
Second, entrepreneurship requires the devotion of the necessary time and effort.(appreciate the amount of time spending in creating something new)
Entrepreneurship, Published by: McGraw Hill, 8th edition

9. The definition stresses 4 basic aspects of being an entrepreneur (con’t)
Third part of the definition involves the rewards of being an entrepreneur. The most important of these rewards is independence, followed by personal satisfaction, for some entrepreneurs, money becomes the indicator of the degree of success achieved.
Forth -Entrepreneurs must decide to act even in the face of uncertainty over the outcome of that action.( they respond to and create change through their entrepreneur action)
Entrepreneurship, Published by: McGraw Hill, 8th edition

10. 3 Kinds of Behavior Initiative taking ( Idea of the project)
The organizing and reorganizing of social and economic mechanisms to collect resources in innovative ways
The acceptance of risk, that can ambiguity or the possible for failure
Entrepreneurship, Published by: McGraw Hill, 8th edition

11. The Entrepreneurial Process
CREATED BY T.ALAA AL AMOUDI
The Entrepreneurial Process
Is The process of pursuing a new venture. The process has 4 phases:
Opportunity identification - The process by which an entrepreneur comes up with the opportunity for a new venture.
How by looking at the Market size & The length of the window of opportunity are the primary bases for determining risks and rewards.
Window of opportunity - The time period available for creating the new venture.
Entrepreneurship, Published by: McGraw Hill, 8th edition

12. The Entrepreneurial Process
2. Develop a Business plan - The description of the future direction of the business.
3. Determine the Resources Required :
The Entrepreneur must determine the resources needed for addressing the opportunity
4. Manage the enterprise: is the last stage of the process and it required to implement the business plan.
Entrepreneurship, Published by: McGraw Hill, 8th edition

13. Table 1.1 - Aspects of the Entrepreneurial Process
CREATED BY T.ALAA AL AMOUDI
Table Aspects of the Entrepreneurial Process
Entrepreneurship, Published by: McGraw Hill, 8th edition

14. How Entrepreneurs Think
CREATED BY T.ALAA AL AMOUDI
How Entrepreneurs Think
Entrepreneurs in particular situations may think differently when faced with a different task or decision environment.
Ways of thought : Entrepreneurs need to sometimes:
Effectuation
There are two ways that task can be organized :
Causal process it’s a process that
Starts with a desired outcome.
Focuses on the means to generate that outcome.
Entrepreneurship, Published by: McGraw Hill, 8th edition

15. How Entrepreneurs Think
B. Effectuation process it’s a process that
Starts with what one has (who they are, what they know, and whom they know).
Selects among possible outcomes.
Entrepreneurship, Published by: McGraw Hill, 8th edition

16. CREATED BY T.ALAA AL AMOUDI
How Entrepreneurs Think (cont.)
2. Be cognitively adaptable.
Entrepreneurs who are able to increase cognitive adaptability have an improved ability to:
Adapt to new situations.
Be creative.
Communicate one’s reasoning behind a particular response.
Entrepreneurship, Published by: McGraw Hill, 8th edition

17. CREATED BY T.ALAA AL AMOUDI
How Entrepreneurs Think (cont.)
3. Learning from Business Failure
Uncertainty, changing conditions, and insufficient experience can contribute to failure among entrepreneurial firms. It occurs when a fall in revenue or rise in expenses of project fail.
Loss of a business can result in a negative emotional response from the entrepreneur..
Entrepreneurship, Published by: McGraw Hill, 8th edition

18. How Entrepreneurs Think (cont.)
An entrepreneur’s motivation is not simply from personal profit but from:
Loyalty to a product.
Loyalty to a market and customers.
Personal growth.
The need to prove oneself.
Entrepreneurship, Published by: McGraw Hill, 8th edition

19. Ethics and Social Responsibility of Entrepreneurs
CREATED BY T.ALAA AL AMOUDI
Ethics and Social Responsibility of Entrepreneurs
Business ethics - The study of behavior and morals in a business situation.
Personal value systems tend to be influenced by:
Peer pressure.
General social norms in the community.
Pressures from their competitors.
Entrepreneurship, Published by: McGraw Hill, 8th edition

20. Role of Entrepreneurship in Economic Development
CREATED BY T.ALAA AL AMOUDI
Role of Entrepreneurship in Economic Development
Innovation is important key to the economic development.
3 types of innovation:
Ordinary - New products with little technological change.
Technological – New products with significant technological advancement.
Break-through – New products with some technological change.
Entrepreneurship, Published by: McGraw Hill, 8th edition

21. Table 1.2 (Measure of Adapting cognition) H.W
What Excites you about being an entrepreneur? What are you major concern? (Mandatory due for next class.)
Every student print out the exercise from (MY Little book CH 1) to be answer in class and for further discussion.( optional)
Entrepreneurship, Published by: McGraw Hill, 8th edition