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Aqueous metal ion reactions
Click an ion to animate its reaction sequence, or click its photo link. reactions photos Fe2+ Fe2+(aq) acidity reaction Click the yellow circles for each ion’s summary. Co2+ Cu2+ Cu2+(aq) acidity reaction Use the button to return to this index page. Fe3+ Fe3+(aq) acidity reaction Cr3+ Cr3+(aq) acidity reaction Use the button to return to the previous page viewed. Al3+ Al3+(aq) acidity reaction Acknowledgements
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Fe2+ iron(II) precipitation Add [Fe(H2O)6]2+ (aq) green solution
NaOH (aq) (little) Deprotonation reactions – OH- and NH3 acting as Lewis bases NaOH (aq) (excess) Fe(H2O)4(OH)2 (s) NH3 (aq) (little) photo Green gelatinous precipitate (turns brown in air) NH3 (aq) (excess) FeCO3 (s) CO32- (aq) precipitation green precipitate
![Fe2+ iron(II) precipitation Add [Fe(H2O)6]2+ (aq) green solution](http://slideplayer.com/slide/15432783/93/images/2/Fe2%2B+iron%28II%29+precipitation+Add+%5BFe%28H2O%296%5D2%2B+%28aq%29+green+solution.jpg "NaOH (aq) (little) Deprotonation reactions – OH- and NH3 acting as Lewis bases. NaOH (aq) (excess) Fe(H2O)4(OH)2 (s) NH3 (aq) (little) photo. Green gelatinous precipitate (turns brown in air) NH3 (aq) (excess) FeCO3 (s) CO32- (aq) precipitation. green precipitate.")
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Fe2+ iron(II) table precipitation Add [Fe(H2O)6]2+ (aq) green solution
Deprotonation reactions – OH- and NH3 acting as Lewis bases NaOH (aq) (little) NaOH (aq) (excess) Fe(H2O)4(OH)2 (s) NH3 (aq) (little) Green gelatinous precipitate (turns brown in air) photo NH3 (aq) (excess) precipitation CO32- (aq) FeCO3 (s) green precipitate
![Fe2+ iron(II) table precipitation Add [Fe(H2O)6]2+ (aq) green solution](http://slideplayer.com/slide/15432783/93/images/3/Fe2%2B+iron%28II%29+table+precipitation+Add+%5BFe%28H2O%296%5D2%2B+%28aq%29+green+solution.jpg "Deprotonation reactions – OH- and NH3 acting as Lewis bases. NaOH (aq) (little) NaOH (aq) (excess) Fe(H2O)4(OH)2 (s) NH3 (aq) (little) Green gelatinous precipitate (turns brown in air) photo. NH3 (aq) (excess) precipitation. CO32- (aq) FeCO3 (s) green precipitate.")
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Co2+ cobalt(II) Add [Co(H2O)6]2+ (aq) pink solution NaOH (aq) (little)
Deprotonation reactions – OH- and NH3 acting as Lewis bases NaOH (aq) (little) Co(H2O)4(OH)2 (s) NaOH (aq) (excess) blue precipitate (turns pink slowly and then brown in air) NH3 (aq) (little) ligand substitution NH3 (aq) (excess) [Co(NH3)6]2+ (aq) pale-yellow solution (turns brown in air) CoCO3 (s) CO32- (aq) precipitation pink precipitate ligand substitution Cl- (aq) (conc) [CoCl4]2- (aq) blue solution
![Co2+ cobalt(II) Add [Co(H2O)6]2+ (aq) pink solution NaOH (aq) (little)](http://slideplayer.com/slide/15432783/93/images/4/Co2%2B+cobalt%28II%29+Add+%5BCo%28H2O%296%5D2%2B+%28aq%29+pink+solution+NaOH+%28aq%29+%28little%29.jpg "Deprotonation reactions – OH- and NH3 acting as Lewis bases. NaOH (aq) (little) Co(H2O)4(OH)2 (s) NaOH (aq) (excess) blue precipitate (turns pink slowly and then brown in air) NH3 (aq) (little) ligand substitution. NH3 (aq) (excess) [Co(NH3)6]2+ (aq) pale-yellow solution (turns brown in air) CoCO3 (s) CO32- (aq) precipitation. pink precipitate. ligand substitution. Cl- (aq) (conc) [CoCl4]2- (aq) blue solution.")
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Co2+ cobalt(II) table ligand substitution precipitation
Add [Co(H2O)6]2+ (aq) pink solution Co(H2O)4(OH)2 (s) NaOH (aq) (little) Deprotonation reactions – OH- and NH3 acting as Lewis bases blue precipitate (turns pink slowly and then brown in air) NaOH (aq) (excess) NH3 (aq) (little) [Co(NH3)6]2+ (aq) ligand substitution NH3 (aq) (excess) pale-yellow solution (turns brown in air) CoCO3 (s) CO32- (aq) precipitation pink precipitate ligand substitution Cl- (aq) (conc) [CoCl4]2- (aq) blue solution
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Cu2+ copper(II) Add [Cu(H2O)6]2+ (aq) blue solution NaOH (aq) (little)
Deprotonation reactions – OH- and NH3 acting as Lewis bases NaOH (aq) (excess) photo Cu(H2O)4(OH)2 (s) NH3 (aq) (little) blue precipitate ligand substitution NH3 (aq) (excess) [Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2]2+ (aq) deep blue solution precipitation CuCO3 (s) CO32- (aq) blue precipitate [CuCl4]2- (aq) Cl- (aq) (conc) ligand substitution green solution
![Cu2+ copper(II) Add [Cu(H2O)6]2+ (aq) blue solution NaOH (aq) (little)](http://slideplayer.com/slide/15432783/93/images/6/Cu2%2B+copper%28II%29+Add+%5BCu%28H2O%296%5D2%2B+%28aq%29+blue+solution+NaOH+%28aq%29+%28little%29.jpg "Deprotonation reactions – OH- and NH3 acting as Lewis bases. NaOH (aq) (excess) photo. Cu(H2O)4(OH)2 (s) NH3 (aq) (little) blue precipitate. ligand substitution. NH3 (aq) (excess) [Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2]2+ (aq) deep blue solution. precipitation. CuCO3 (s) CO32- (aq) blue precipitate. [CuCl4]2- (aq) Cl- (aq) (conc) ligand substitution. green solution.")
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Cu2+ copper(II) table ligand substitution precipitation
Add [Cu(H2O)6]2+ (aq) blue solution NaOH (aq) (little) Deprotonation reactions – OH- and NH3 acting as Lewis bases Cu(H2O)4(OH)2 (s) NaOH (aq) (excess) blue precipitate NH3 (aq) (little) photo ligand substitution [Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2]2+ (aq) NH3 (aq) (excess) deep blue solution CO32- (aq) CuCO3 (s) precipitation blue precipitate ligand substitution [CuCl4]2- (aq) Cl- (aq) (conc) green solution
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Fe3+ iron(III) Add [Fe(H2O)6]3+ (aq) violet solution
NaOH (aq) (little) Deprotonation reactions– OH- and NH3 acting as Lewis bases NaOH (aq) (excess) photo NH3 (aq) (little) Fe(H2O)3(OH)3 (s) Brown gelatinous precipitate NH3 (aq) (excess) Deprotonation reactions – CO32- acting as base CO32- (aq) Fe(H2O)3(OH)3 (s) Brown gelatinous precipitate and colourless bubbles of CO2 (g)
![Fe3+ iron(III) Add [Fe(H2O)6]3+ (aq) violet solution](http://slideplayer.com/slide/15432783/93/images/8/Fe3%2B+iron%28III%29+Add+%5BFe%28H2O%296%5D3%2B+%28aq%29+violet+solution.jpg "NaOH (aq) (little) Deprotonation reactions– OH- and NH3 acting as Lewis bases. NaOH (aq) (excess) photo. NH3 (aq) (little) Fe(H2O)3(OH)3 (s) Brown gelatinous precipitate. NH3 (aq) (excess) Deprotonation reactions – CO32- acting as base. CO32- (aq) Fe(H2O)3(OH)3 (s) Brown gelatinous precipitate and colourless bubbles of CO2 (g)")
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Fe3+ iron(III) table Add [Fe(H2O)6]3+ (aq) violet solution
Deprotonation reactions– OH- and NH3 acting as Lewis bases NaOH (aq) (little) NaOH (aq) (excess) photo NH3 (aq) (little) Fe(H2O)3(OH)3 (s) NH3 (aq) (excess) brown precipitate Deprotonation reactions – CO32- acting as base CO32- (aq) Fe(H2O)3(OH)3 (s) Brown gelatinous precipitate and colourless bubbles of CO2 (g)
![Fe3+ iron(III) table Add [Fe(H2O)6]3+ (aq) violet solution](http://slideplayer.com/slide/15432783/93/images/9/Fe3%2B+iron%28III%29+table+Add+%5BFe%28H2O%296%5D3%2B+%28aq%29+violet+solution.jpg "Deprotonation reactions– OH- and NH3 acting as Lewis bases. NaOH (aq) (little) NaOH (aq) (excess) photo. NH3 (aq) (little) Fe(H2O)3(OH)3 (s) NH3 (aq) (excess) brown precipitate. Deprotonation reactions – CO32- acting as base. CO32- (aq) Fe(H2O)3(OH)3 (s) Brown gelatinous precipitate and colourless bubbles of CO2 (g)")
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Cr3+ chromium(III) Add [Cr(H2O)6]3+ (aq) red-blue solution
Deprotonation reactions– OH- and NH3 acting as Lewis bases NaOH (aq) (little) Cr(H2O)3(OH)3 (s) NH3 (aq) (little) green precipitate photo Acid-base reaction - NaOH (aq) (excess) [Cr(OH)6]3- (aq) green solution [Cr(NH3)6]3+ (aq) NH3 (aq) (excess) ligand substitution purple solution Deprotonation reactions – CO32- acting as base CO32- (aq) Cr(H2O)3(OH)3 (s) green precipitate and colourless bubbles of CO2 (g)
![Cr3+ chromium(III) Add [Cr(H2O)6]3+ (aq) red-blue solution](http://slideplayer.com/slide/15432783/93/images/10/Cr3%2B+chromium%28III%29+Add+%5BCr%28H2O%296%5D3%2B+%28aq%29+red-blue+solution.jpg "Deprotonation reactions– OH- and NH3 acting as Lewis bases. NaOH (aq) (little) Cr(H2O)3(OH)3 (s) NH3 (aq) (little) green precipitate. photo. Acid-base reaction - NaOH (aq) (excess) [Cr(OH)6]3- (aq) green solution. [Cr(NH3)6]3+ (aq) NH3 (aq) (excess) ligand substitution. purple solution. Deprotonation reactions – CO32- acting as base. CO32- (aq) Cr(H2O)3(OH)3 (s) green precipitate and colourless bubbles of CO2 (g)")
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Cr3+ chromium(III) table
Add [Cr(H2O)6]3+ (aq) red-blue solution Deprotonation reactions – OH- and NH3 acting as Lewis bases NaOH (aq) (little) Cr(H2O)3(OH)3 (s) green precipitate NH3 (aq) (little) photo Acid-base -Cr(H2O)3(OH)3 (s) amphoteric [Cr(OH)6]3- (aq) NaOH (aq) (excess) green solution ligand substitution [Cr(NH3)6]3+ (aq) NH3 (aq) (excess) purple solution Cr(H2O)3(OH)3 (s) Deprotonation reaction CO32- (aq) green precipitate and colourless bubbles of CO2 (g)
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Al3+ aluminium(III) Add [Al(H2O)6]3+ (aq) colourless solution
Deprotonation reactions – OH- and NH3 acting as Lewis bases NaOH (aq) (little) NH3 (aq) (little) Al(H2O)3(OH)3 (s) NH3 (aq) (excess) white precipitate photo Acid-base -Al(H2O)3(OH)3 (s) amphoteric NaOH (aq) (excess) [Al(H2O)2(OH)4]- (aq) colourless solution Deprotonation reaction Al(H2O)3(OH)3 (s) CO32- (aq) white precipitate and colourless bubbles of CO2 (g)
![Al3+ aluminium(III) Add [Al(H2O)6]3+ (aq) colourless solution](http://slideplayer.com/slide/15432783/93/images/12/Al3%2B+aluminium%28III%29+Add+%5BAl%28H2O%296%5D3%2B+%28aq%29+colourless+solution.jpg "Deprotonation reactions – OH- and NH3 acting as Lewis bases. NaOH (aq) (little) NH3 (aq) (little) Al(H2O)3(OH)3 (s) NH3 (aq) (excess) white precipitate. photo. Acid-base -Al(H2O)3(OH)3 (s) amphoteric. NaOH (aq) (excess) [Al(H2O)2(OH)4]- (aq) colourless solution. Deprotonation reaction. Al(H2O)3(OH)3 (s) CO32- (aq) white precipitate and colourless bubbles of CO2 (g)")
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Al3+ aluminium(III) table
Add [Al(H2O)6]3+ (aq) colourless solution NaOH (aq) (little) Deprotonation reactions – OH- and NH3 acting as Lewis bases Al(H2O)3(OH)3 (s) NH3 (aq) (little) white precipitate NH3 (aq) (excess) photo Acid-base -Al(H2O)3(OH)3 (s) amphoteric [Al(H2O)2(OH)4]- (aq) NaOH (aq) (excess) colourless solution Deprotonation reaction Al(H2O)3(OH)3 (s) CO32- (aq) white precipitate and colourless bubbles of CO2 (g)
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Photographs Use the button to return to the index page
Fe2+(aq) acidity reaction Use the button to return to the index page Cu2+(aq) acidity reaction Fe3+(aq) acidity reaction Use the button to return to the previous page viewed Cr3+(aq) acidity reaction Al3+(aq) acidity reaction
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Fe2+ iron(II) photo Deprotonation reactions [Fe(H2O)6]2+ (aq)
green solution NaOH (aq) or NH3 (aq) Fe(H2O)4(OH)2 (s) Green gelatinous precipitate (turns brown in air)
![Fe2+ iron(II) photo Deprotonation reactions [Fe(H2O)6]2+ (aq)](http://slideplayer.com/slide/15432783/93/images/15/Fe2%2B+iron%28II%29+photo+Deprotonation+reactions+%5BFe%28H2O%296%5D2%2B+%28aq%29.jpg "green solution. NaOH (aq) or NH3 (aq) Fe(H2O)4(OH)2 (s) Green gelatinous precipitate (turns brown in air)")
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Cu2+ copper(II) photo Deprotonation reactions [Cu(H2O)6]2+ (aq)
blue solution NaOH (aq) or NH3 (aq) Cu(H2O)4(OH)2] (s) blue precipitate
![Cu2+ copper(II) photo Deprotonation reactions [Cu(H2O)6]2+ (aq)](http://slideplayer.com/slide/15432783/93/images/16/Cu2%2B+copper%28II%29+photo+Deprotonation+reactions+%5BCu%28H2O%296%5D2%2B+%28aq%29.jpg "blue solution. NaOH (aq) or NH3 (aq) Cu(H2O)4(OH)2] (s) blue precipitate.")
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Fe3+ iron(III) photo Deprotonation reactions [Fe(H2O)6]3+ (aq)
violet solution appears orange because of hydrolysis NaOH (aq) or NH3 (aq) Fe(H2O)3(OH)3 (s) Brown gelatinous precipitate
![Fe3+ iron(III) photo Deprotonation reactions [Fe(H2O)6]3+ (aq)](http://slideplayer.com/slide/15432783/93/images/17/Fe3%2B+iron%28III%29+photo+Deprotonation+reactions+%5BFe%28H2O%296%5D3%2B+%28aq%29.jpg "violet solution. appears orange because of hydrolysis. NaOH (aq) or NH3 (aq) Fe(H2O)3(OH)3 (s) Brown gelatinous precipitate.")
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Cr3+ chromium(III) photos
Deprotonation reactions [Cr(H2O)6]3+ (aq) red-blue solution appears green because of hydrolysis [Cu(OH)6]3- (aq) green solution NaOH (aq) or NH3 (aq) Cr(H2O)3(OH)3 (s) green precipitate Click for more excess NaOH (aq) Click for more …
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Al3+ aluminium(III) photo
Deprotonation reactions [Al(H2O)2(OH)4]- (aq) colourless solution [Al(H2O)6]3+ (aq) colourless solution NaOH (aq) or NH3 (aq) Al(H2O)3(OH)3 (s) white precipitate Click for more … excess NaOH (aq) Click for more … Click for more …
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