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2. Ionic, Covalent, and Metallic bonding B.Sc.II, Paper XII ( IVSemester)
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Ionic, Covalent, and Metallic bonding
B.Sc.II, Paper XII ( IVSemester) By
Dr. Mrs. Maheshmalkar P.R.

3. What is a molecule?
Substances that have covalent bonds are made of individual particles called molecules.
A molecule is a group of atoms held together by chemical bonds.
A molecule is the smallest unit of a compound that can be identified as that compound.

4. What is a molecule?
In a water molecule, two hydrogen atoms form covalent bonds with a central oxygen atom.

5. What is an ion?
An atom has a neutral charge because it has an equal number of electrons and protons.
An ion is a particle with a positive or negative charge.
An ion forms when an atom gains or loses electrons from its outer, or valence, shell.

6. How does an ionic bond form?
An ionic bond is a force that brings oppositely charged ions together.
Ionic bonds form when electrons are transferred from a metal atom to a nonmetal atom.
In the process of ionic bonding, valence electrons move from the outer shell of the metal atom to the outer shell of the nonmetal atom.

7. How does an ionic bond form?
How are the sodium and chlorine atoms held together in the compound sodium chloride?

8. The positive sodium ion and the negative chloride ion are strongly attracted to each other. This attraction, which holds the ions close together, is a type of chemical bond called an ionic bond.

9. How does an ionic bond form?
How are the sodium and chlorine atoms held together in the compound sodium chloride?

10. The compound sodium chloride, or table salt, is formed
The compound sodium chloride, or table salt, is formed. A compound is a pure substance containing two or more elements that are chemically bonded.

11. What is a covalent bond?
A covalent bond forms when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons.
When two nonmetal atoms bond, a large amount of energy is needed for either atom to lose an electron. So they bond by sharing electrons.
In a covalent bond, the shared electrons fill empty spaces in the outermost electron shell of each atom.

12. Convalent Bonds—Sharing
Some atoms are unlikely to lose or gain electrons because the number of electrons in their outer levels makes this difficult. The alternative is sharing electrons.
The chemical bond that forms between nonmetal atoms when they share electrons is called a covalent bond.

13. Shared electrons are attracted to the nuclei of both atoms.
They move back and forth between the outer energy levels of each atom in the covalent bond.
So, each atom has a stable outer energy level some of the time.

14. The Convalent Bond
A molecule is the basic unit of a molecular compound.

15. The Convalent Bond
The neutral particle is formed when atoms share electrons is called a molecule

16. How Elements Bond 2
The Convalent Bond
You can see how molecules form by sharing electrons in this figure.

17. How does a metallic bond form?
A metallic bond forms between metal atoms when their outermost energy levels overlap.
Metallic bonding is weak compared to ionic or covalent bonding.
You can think of a metal as being made up of positive metal ions with enough valence electrons “swimming” around to hold the ions together.

18. How does a metallic bond form?
Copper metal is held together by metallic bonding, in which electrons flow around copper ions.

19. What properties do most metallic compounds share?
Because the electrons in a metal can move freely, most metals are good conductors of electric current.
When you turn on a lamp, valence electrons move through the copper wire that connects the light bulb to the electrical outlet.
The valence electrons in the copper atoms are free to move because they are not connected to any one atom.

20. Thank You