1. Earth, Sun, Moon, Stars, Planets & Galaxies
Astronomy
Earth, Sun, Moon, Stars, Planets & Galaxies

2. Astronomy=study of stars, planets, and space
Several theories about how the Universe started:
Constant State Theory: the universe has always existed and just expands
Oscillating Model Theory: the universe is always contracting and expanding
Big Bang Theory: the universe began around billion years ago from a single point and started expanding

3. Formation of the Solar System: Big Bang
Began 4.6 billion years ago as a nebula (floating cloud of gas, ice, dust)
Shockwave caused nebula to rotate, condense and flatten into disc shape
Gravity pulled particles into clumps of matter and sun was born from fusion

4. Historical Theories of Solar System
Geocentric Model (Aristotle, Ptolemy) Earth is the center of the solar system, everything revolves around Earth

5. Historical Theories of Solar System
Heliocentric Model (Copernicus, Galileo Galilei) The Sun is the center of the solar system, everything revolves around Sun

6. Earth
-Not a perfect sphere, slightly squished into elliptical shaped due to rotation -Earth’s movement and iron core give it a magnetic field “magnetic north” is always moving and not “north pole”

7. Earth 1 rotation= 24 hours (1day) 1 revolution = 365 days (1year)
ROTATION: Earth spinning around its center axis
1 rotation= 24 hours (1day)
REVOLUTION: Earth’s circular movement around the sun
1 revolution = 365 days (1year)
Path around sun is called ORBIT

8. Earth
Earth is tilted 23.5 degrees from perpendicular orbit

9. Earth
Night/Day are created by the Earth’s rotation

10. Earth
Seasons are created due to the Earth’s tilt The tilt creates warmer or cold climate depending on if the location is closer or further from the sun at a certain time Seasons are always opposite in northern and southern hemisphere

11. Earth
Solstice Days that earth is most tilted towards the sun Longest and shortest days of the year (first day of summer/winter) Equinox Equator is directly under sun Days are the same length all over world (first day of spring/fall)

13. Astronaut Chris Hadfield
BrainBreak
Astronaut Chris Hadfield

14. Moon Moon: any object that revolves around a planet, natural satellite
Mountains, craters, smooth regions, dark regions

15. Moon 1 ROTATION: 27 days 1 REVOLUTION around earth = 27 days
counterclockwise
Because the moon rotates and revolves at the same speed we always see the SAME face of the moon (DARK SIDE OF MOON)

16. Moon
“Phases”: amount of sunlight reflected and position of moon vs. earth WAXING: growing in appearance WANING: shrinking in appearance LUNAR Cycle: about 30 days to complete all 8 phases

17. 8 Moon Phases Activity Full Moon Waxing Gibbous New Moon
Waning Gibbous
First Quarter
Waning Crescent
Waxing Crescent
Third Quarter

18. Moon

19. Moon Lunar Eclipse: earth is between moon and sun, moon glows red
Solar Eclipse: moon is between earth and sun, moon casts complete shadow on earth

20. Moon
Moon’s gravity pulls on Earth causing tides (rise or fall in ocean water levels)
Sun, Moon, Earth lined up creates Spring Tide which is larger tide
Sun, Moon and Earth not lined up creates Neap Tides

21. Sun Medium, main sequence, yellow dwarf star (uncommon single star)
Atmosphere (green)
Convective Zone (yellow)
Radiative Zone (orange)
Core (red)