1. Chapter 3 Atoms and Elements
3.1
Classification of Matter
Copyright © by Pearson Education, Inc.
Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

2. Matter Matter is the “stuff” that makes up all things.
Copyright © by Pearson Education, Inc.
Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

3. Pure Substances A pure substance is classified as
matter with a specific composition.
an element when composed of one type of atom.
a compound when composed of two or more elements combined in a definite ratio.

4. Elements
Elements are
pure substances that contains atoms of only one type.
Copper, Cu
Lead, Pb
Aluminum, Al
Copyright © by Pearson Education, Inc.
Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

5. Compounds Compounds contain two or more elements in a definite ratio.
Salt (NaCl)
Table sugar (C12H22O11)
Water (H2O)
Copyright © by Pearson Education, Inc.
Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

6. Elements in a Compound
“Table salt” is a compound that contains the elements sodium and chlorine.
Copyright © by Pearson Education, Inc.
Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

7. Mixtures A mixture is a type of matter that consists of
two or more substances that are physically mixed, not chemically combined.
two or more substances in different proportions.
substances that can be separated by physical methods.

8. Physical Separation of A Mixture
Example:
Pasta and water are separated with a strainer.

9. Homogeneous Mixtures In a homogeneous mixture,
the composition is uniform throughout.
the different parts of the mixture are not visible.
Copyright © by Pearson Education, Inc.
Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

10. Heterogeneous Mixtures
In a heterogeneous mixture,
the composition of substances is not uniform.
the composition varies from one part of the mixture to another.
the different parts of the mixture are visible.
Copyright © by Pearson Education, Inc.
Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

11. Classification of Matter

12. Learning Check
Identify each of the following as a pure substance or a mixture.
A. pasta and tomato sauce
B. aluminum foil
C. helium
D. air

13. Solution
Identify each of the following as a pure substance or a mixture.
A. pasta and tomato sauce mixture
B. aluminum foil pure substance
C. helium pure substance
D. air mixture

14. Learning Check Identify each of the following as a homogeneous or
heterogeneous mixture:
A. hot fudge sundae
B. shampoo
C. sugar water
D. peach pie

15. Solution Identify each of the following as a homogeneous or
heterogeneous mixture:
A. hot fudge sundae heterogeneous mixture
B. shampoo homogeneous mixture
C. sugar water homogeneous mixture
D. peach pie heterogeneous mixture