Presentation is loading. Please wait.

Presentation is loading. Please wait.

For the HORIZONS-AMI Investigators

Published byVictor Winkler Modified over 5 years ago

Similar presentations

Presentation on theme: "For the HORIZONS-AMI Investigators"— Presentation transcript:

1 For the HORIZONS-AMI Investigators
A Prospective, Multicenter Randomized Trial of Heparin Plus Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors vs. Bivalirudin, and Drug-eluting vs. Bare Metal Stents in ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Final Report from the HORIZONS-AMI Trial Gregg W. Stone MD For the HORIZONS-AMI Investigators

2 Disclosures Gregg W. Stone MD
Advisory Board for and honoraria from Boston Scientific and Abbott Vascular Consultant to the The Medicines Company

3 Background At 1-year in the 2x2 factorial prospective, randomized HORIZONS-AMI trial: Bivalirudin alone compared to heparin plus GPIIb/IIIa inhibitors resulted in comparable rates of MI and stent thrombosis, with significantly reduced rates of major bleeding and mortality (all-cause and cardiac) TAXUS PES compared to EXPRESS BMS reduced clinical and angiographic restenosis, with comparable rates of death, reinfarction and stent thrombosis Whether these findings are sustained with long- term follow-up has not been reported

4 Harmonizing Outcomes with Revascularization and Stents in AMI
3602 pts with STEMI with symptom onset ≤12 hours UFH + GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor (abciximab or eptifibatide) Bivalirudin monotherapy (± provisional GP IIb/IIIa) Aspirin, thienopyridine R 1:1 Emergent angiography, followed by triage to… Primary PCI CABG – Medical Rx 3006 pts eligible for stent randomization R 3:1 Bare metal EXPRESS stent Paclitaxel-eluting TAXUS stent Clinical FU at 30 days, 6 months, 1 year, and then yearly through 5 years; angio FU at 13 months

5 Harmonizing Outcomes with Revascularization and Stents in AMI
3602 pts with STEMI R 1:1 UFH + GP IIb/IIIa N=1802 Bivalirudin N=1800 Randomized 30 • • • Not true MI* • • • 29 1-Year FU Eligible N=1772 N=1771 26 13 • • • Withdrew • • • • • • Lost to FU • • • 22 19 1-Year FU N=1733 (97.8%) N=1730 (97.7%) 17 90 • • • Withdrew • • • • • • Lost to FU • • • 18 78 3-Year FU N=1626 (91.7%) N=1634 (92.3%) * Biomarkers WNL and no DS >50% by core lab determination (30 day FU only)

6 Pharmacology Randomization: Aspirin and Thienopyridine Use
Regular* aspirin use (%) Regular* thieno. use (%) Heparin + GPIIb/IIIa (n=1802) Bivalirudin alone (n=1800) 98.1% 97.3% 97.0% 96.2% 95.4% 94.9% 93.7% 93.3% 87.7% 97.1% 96.7% 96.3% 95.7% 95.3% 92.7% 92.9% 94.0% 87.1% 67.7% Antiplatelet agent use (%) 65.6% 35.5% All P = NS All P = NS 27.4% 32.7% 25.6% *Taken >50% of days since last visit

7 Three-Year Major Bleeding (non-CABG)*
1523 1442 1572 1601 1534 12 1800 Bivalirudin alone 4 6 8 10 0.64 [0.51, 0.80] 2 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 1039 1802 1509 957 P<0.001 3-yr HR [95%CI]= 6.9% 10.5% Major Bleeding (%) Months 3 9 Bivalirudin alone (n=1800) Heparin + GPIIb/IIIa (n=1802) Number at risk Heparin+GPIIb/IIIa 1544 1465 0.62 [0.49, 0.79] 1-yr HR [95%CI]= 1485 1402 9.4% 6.0% * Intracranial intraocular, retroperitoneal, access site bleed requiring intervention/surgery, hematoma ≥5 cm, hgb ↓ ≥3g/dL with or ≥4g/dL w/o overt source; reoperation for bleeding; or blood product transfusion

8 Three-Year All-Cause Mortality
P=0.03 3-yr HR [95%CI]= 0.75 [0.58, 0.97] 5.9% 7.7% All-Cause Mortality (%) 1 2 3 4 5 6 9 10 1611 1568 1660 1689 1670 1800 Bivalirudin alone 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 1098 1802 1643 Months Number at risk Heparin+GPIIb/IIIa 1633 1593 1574 1525 1043 0.71 [0.51, 0.98] P=0.04 1-yr HR [95%CI]= Bivalirudin alone (n=1800) Heparin + GPIIb/IIIa (n=1802) 7 8 4.8% 3.4%

9 3-Year Mortality: Cardiac and Non Cardiac
Time in Months ' Time in Months 3-Year Mortality: Cardiac and Non Cardiac Bivalirudin alone (n=1800) Heparin + GPIIb/IIIa (n=1802) 3-yr HR [95%CI]= 1 6 5 4 3 2 0.56 [0.40, 0.80] 1 6 5 4 3 2 1-yr HR [95%CI]= P=0.001 5.1% 3-yr HR [95%CI]= 0.57 [0.38, 0.84] 1.11 [0.74, 1.65] P=0.004 P=0.62 3.8% 1-yr HR [95%CI]= 3.1% Cardiac Mortality (%) Non-Cardiac Mortality (%) 1.20 [0.65, 2.20] 2.9% 2.8% P=0.56 2.1% 1.3% 1.1% 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 Months Months Number at risk Number at risk Bival 1800 1689 1660 1633 1611 1574 1098 Bival 1800 1689 1660 1633 1611 1574 1098 H + GPI 1802 1670 1643 1593 1568 1525 1043 H + GPI 1802 1670 1643 1593 1568 1525 1043

10 Three-Year Reinfarction
Bivalirudin alone (n=1800) Heparin + GPIIb/IIIa (n=1802) 6.2% 8.2% Reinfarction (%) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 P=0.04 3-yr HR [95%CI]= 0.76 [0.59, 0.92] 0.81 [0.58, 1.14] P=0.22 1-yr HR [95%CI]= 1536 1474 1605 1643 1623 1800 Bivalirudin alone 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 1032 1802 1581 Months Number at risk Heparin+GPIIb/IIIa 1560 1513 1494 1425 965 4.4% 3.6%

11 Three-Year MACE Components*
UFH + GPI (N=1802) Bivalirudin (N=1800) HR [95%CI] P Value Death 7.7% 5.9% 0.75 [0.58,0.97] 0.03 - Cardiac 5.1% 2.9% 0.56 [0.40,0.80] 0.001 - Non cardiac 2.8% 3.1% 1.11 [0.74,1.65] 0.62 Reinfarction 8.2% 6.2% 0.76 [0.59,0.99] 0.04 - Q-wave 3.8% 3.4% 0.91 [0.64,1.30] 0.61 - Non Q-wave 4.9% 3.2% 0.63 [0.45,0.90] 0.009 Death or reinfarction 14.5% 11.3% 0.77 [0.64,0.92] 0.005 Ischemic TVR 12.1% 14.2% 1.19 [0.99,1.44] 0.06 - Ischemic TLR 9.7% 1.18 [0.96,1.46] 0.11 - Ischemic remote TVR 4.1% 5.2% 1.25 [0.91,1.71] 0.17 Stroke 2.0% 1.7% 0.84 [0.51,1.38] 0.50 *Kaplan-Meier estimates, CEC adjudicated

12 Adverse Events Between 30 Days and 3-Years
UFH + GPI (N=1802) Bivalirudin (N=1800) P Value Death 4.8% 3.9% 0.22 - Cardiac 2.1% 1.1% 0.01 - Non cardiac 2.6% 2.8% 0.67 Reinfarction 6.5% 4.4% 0.007 Death or reinfarction 10.6% 7.8% 0.005 Ischemic TVR 11.7% 0.31 Stroke 1.4% 1.0% 0.29 MACE 17.8% 17.3% 0.65 Major bleeding (non CABG) 1.9% NACE 18.7% 18.2% 0.73 *Kaplan-Meier estimates, landmark analysis, CEC adjudicated

13 Three-Year Stent Thrombosis (ARC Definite/Probable)
Bivalirudin alone (n=1611) 6 Heparin + GPIIb/IIIa (n=1591) 5.1% 5 4.5% 3.5% 4 HR [95%CI]= Stent Thrombosis (%) 3 3.0% 0.89 [0.65, 1.23] p=0.49 2 HR [95%CI]= 1.16 [0.79, 1.71] 1 p=0.45 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 Months Number at risk Bivalirudin 1611 1509 1478 1453 1432 1398 971 Heparin+GPIIb/IIIa 1591 1484 1456 1401 1373 1335 906

14 Three-Year Stent Thrombosis* (N=3,202)
UFH + GPI (N=1591) Bivalirudin (N=1611) P Value ARC definite or probable, ≤24 hours 0.3% 1.5% <0.001 - definite, ≤24 hours 0.2% - probable, ≤24 hours 0.1% 0.0% 0.32 ARC definite or probable, >24h – 3y 4.8% 3.1% 0.01 - definite, >24 hours – 3 years 4.0% 2.8% 0.08 - probable, >24 hours – 3 years 0.9% 0.03 ARC definite or probable, ≤3 years 5.1% 4.5% 0.49 - definite, ≤3 years 4.1% 4.2% 0.87 - probable, ≤3 years 1.0% 0.02 *All Kaplan-Meier estimates; all CEC adjudicated

15 Harmonizing Outcomes with Revascularization and Stents in AMI
UFH + GPI (n=1802) Bivalirudin (n=1800) Primary Medical Rx 193 Primary CABG 62 Deferred PCI 2 Index PCI, not eligible - PTCA only 119 - Stented 220 3602 pts with STEMI R 1:1 3006 pts eligible for stent rand. 93.1% of all stented pts were randomized R 3:1 TAXUS DES N=2257 EXPRESS BMS N=749 Randomized 18 16 • • • Withdrew • • • • • • Lost to FU • • • 7 13 1 year FU N=2225 (98.6%) N=730 (97.5%) 13 month angiographic FU 942 23 97 • • • Withdrew • • • • • • Lost to FU • • • 8 34 307 3 year FU N=2103 (93.2%) N=687 (91.7%)

16 Stent Randomization: Aspirin and Thienopyridine Use
Regular* aspirin use (%) Regular* thieno. use (%) TAXUS DES (n=2257) EXPRESS BMS (n=749) 99.1% 98.3% 98.3% 99.4% 97.5% 98.7% 97.5% 95.8% 94.6% 98.9% 98.6% 98.5% 97.4% 97.1% 97.8% 96.3% 95.7% 72.8% 87.5% P<0.001 Antiplatelet agent use (%) 63.6% All P=NS P<0.001 36.7% 28.3% 30.5% P=0.004 22.5% P=0.003 *Taken >50% of days since last visit

17 Primary Efficacy Endpoint: Ischemic TLR
3-yr HR [95%CI]= 0.60 [0.48, 0.76] 9.4% 15.1% Ischemic TLR (%) TAXUS DES (n=2257) EXPRESS BMS (n=749) 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 18 P=0.003 1-yr HR [95%CI]= 0.61 [0.44, 0.85] 1902 587 2042 2104 676 2257 TAXUS DES 15 21 24 27 30 33 36 749 655 Months 3 9 Number at risk EXPRESS BMS 1942 598 1846 567 372 1277 16 7.4% 4.6%

18 Primary Efficacy Endpoint: Ischemic TLR
Routine angiographic FU No routine angiographic FU TAXUS DES (n=911) TAXUS DES (n=1346) EXPRESS BMS (n=293) EXPRESS BMS (n=456) 2 24 22 18 16 14 12 8 6 20 10 4 2 24 22 18 16 14 12 8 6 20 10 4 1-yr HR [95%CI]= 0.58 [0.32, 1.04] 18.3% P=0.06 1-yr HR [95%CI]= 0.64 [0.43, 0.95] 12.7% Ischemic TLR (%) Ischemic TLR (%) P=0.02 10.3% 8.7% 3-yr HR [95%CI]= 3-yr HR [95%CI]= 0.53 [0.38, 0.75] 0.67 [0.48, 0.93] P=0.001 P=0.01 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 Months Months Number at risk Number at risk PES 911 896 878 830 812 795 596 PES 1346 1208 1164 1112 1090 1051 681 BMS 293 282 274 237 234 229 157 BMS 456 394 381 361 353 338 215

19 Primary Safety Endpoint: Safety MACE*
1928 634 2037 2094 684 2257 TAXUS DES 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 749 669 Months 3 6 9 Number at risk EXPRESS BMS 1971 648 1875 615 412 1289 P=0.66 3-yr HR [95%CI]= 1.05 [0.84, 1.33] 12.9% 13.6% Safety MACE (%) 2 4 8 10 14 16 TAXUS DES (n=2257) EXPRESS BMS (n=749) P=0.92 1-yr HR [95%CI]= 1.02 [0.76, 1.36] 8.1% 8.0% * Safety MACE = death, reinfarction, stroke, or stent thrombosis

20 Three-Year Composite Safety Endpoints*
TAXUS (N=2257) EXPRESS (N=749) HR [95%CI] P Value Safety MACE 13.6% 12.9% 1.05 [0.84,1.33] 0.66 Death, all-cause 5.6% 6.6% 0.84 [0.60,1.17] 0.31 - Cardiac 3.2% 3.8% 0.84 [0.54,1.30] 0.42 - Non cardiac 2.4% 2.9% 0.85 [0.51,1.42] 0.53 Reinfarction 7.0% 1.05 [0.76,1.46] 0.77 - Q-wave 3.5% 2.8% 1.24 [0.76,2.03] 0.39 - Non Q-wave 4.0% 1.02 [0.66,1.57] 0.94 Stent thrombosis 4.8% 4.3% 1.10 [0.74,1.65] 0.63 - ARC definite 4.2% 3.7% 1.12 [0.73,1.72] 0.61 - ARC probable 0.6% 1.00 [0.32,3.09] 0.99 Stroke 1.6% 1.4% 1.15 [0.57,2.32] 0.70 *Kaplan-Meier estimates

21 Three-Year Stent Thrombosis (ARC Definite or Probable)
6 TAXUS DES (n=2238) EXPRESS BMS (n=744) 5 4.8% 4.3% 4 3.4% Stent Thrombosis (%) 3-yr HR [95%CI]= 3 3.1% 1.10 [0.74, 1.65] 2 P=0.63 1-yr HR [95%CI]= 0.92 [0.58, 1.45] 1 P=0.72 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 Months Number at risk TAXUS DES 2238 2108 2066 2013 1980 1932 1341 EXPRESS BMS 744 695 683 664 654 637 425

22 Three-Year Reinfarction
P=0.77 3-yr HR [95%CI]= 1.05 [0.76, 1.46] 6.6% 7.0% Reinfarction (%) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 TAXUS DES (n=2257) EXPRESS BMS (n=749) 1961 643 2066 2118 690 2257 TAXUS DES 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 749 676 Months Number at risk EXPRESS BMS 2002 654 1910 624 419 1316 P=0.31 1-yr HR [95%CI]= 0.81 [0.54, 1.21] 4.5% 3.7%

23 Three-Year All-Cause Mortality
P=0.31 3-yr HR [95%CI]= 0.84 [0.60, 1.17] 5.6% 6.6% All-Cause Mortality (%) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 TAXUS DES (n=2257) EXPRESS BMS (n=749) P=0.97 1-yr HR [95%CI]= 0.99 [0.64, 1.55] 2072 674 2138 2170 713 2257 TAXUS DES 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 749 702 Months 9 Number at risk EXPRESS BMS 2097 683 2026 657 443 1409 3.5%

24 Three-Year Mortality (All-Cause)
' All-Cause Mortality (%) 1 2 3 4 5 8 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 6 9 Months 7 Pint = 0.89 Heparin + GPI / TAXUS (n=1111) Heparin + GPI / EXPRESS (n=368) Bivalirudin / TAXUS (n=1146) Bivalirudin / EXPRESS (n=381) 6.3% 7.3% 4.9% 6.0%

25 Conclusions: Pharmacology Randomization
In this large-scale, prospective, randomized trial of pts with STEMI undergoing primary PCI, the initial treatment with bivalirudin alone compared to heparin plus GPIIb/IIIa inhibitors at 3 years resulted in: A significant 36% reduction in major bleeding and a significant 24% reduction in reinfarction, with non significantly different rates of stent thrombosis, TVR and stroke A significant 44% reduction in cardiac mortality and a 25% reduction in all-cause mortality, the latter representing 18 lives saved per 1000 patients treated with bivalirudin (NNT = 56 to save 1 life)

26 Conclusions: Stent Randomization
Among pts with STEMI undergoing primary PCI, at 3 years the implantation of TAXUS EXPRESS PES compared to EXPRESS BMS resulted in: A significant 40% reduction in ischemic TLR, with no evidence of late catch-up In pts without routine angiographic follow-up, the absolute reduction in TLR was 4.0% at 3 years (NNT = 25) Non significantly different rates of all-cause and cardiac mortality, reinfarction and stent thrombosis

Download ppt "For the HORIZONS-AMI Investigators"

Similar presentations

A Prospective, Randomized Comparison of Paclitaxel-eluting TAXUS Stents vs. Bare Metal Stents During Primary Angioplasty in Acute Myocardial Infarction.

A Prospective, Randomized Comparison of Paclitaxel-eluting TAXUS Stents vs. Bare Metal Stents During Primary Angioplasty in Acute Myocardial Infarction.
Two-Year Follow-up from a Prospective, Randomized Trial of Heparin Plus Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors vs. Bivalirudin and Paclitaxel-Eluting vs. Bare-Metal.

Two-Year Follow-up from a Prospective, Randomized Trial of Heparin Plus Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors vs. Bivalirudin and Paclitaxel-Eluting vs. Bare-Metal.
Stone p2203/Abstract/ Conclusions

Stone p2203/Abstract/ Conclusions
Long-term Outcomes of Patients with ACS and Chronic Renal Insufficiency Undergoing PCI and being treated with Bivalirudin vs UFH/Enoxaparin plus a GP IIb/IIIa.

Long-term Outcomes of Patients with ACS and Chronic Renal Insufficiency Undergoing PCI and being treated with Bivalirudin vs UFH/Enoxaparin plus a GP IIb/IIIa.
Gregg W. Stone MD for the ACUITY Investigators Gregg W. Stone MD for the ACUITY Investigators A Prospective, Randomized Trial of Bivalirudin in Acute Coronary.

Gregg W. Stone MD for the ACUITY Investigators Gregg W. Stone MD for the ACUITY Investigators A Prospective, Randomized Trial of Bivalirudin in Acute Coronary.
A Prospective, Randomized Comparison of Bivalirudin vs. Heparin Plus Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors During Primary Angioplasty in Acute Myocardial Infarction.

A Prospective, Randomized Comparison of Bivalirudin vs. Heparin Plus Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors During Primary Angioplasty in Acute Myocardial Infarction.
Presentation at a Non PCI Facility Requiring Transfer Does NOT Worsen Long-term Prognosis in Patients With STEMI Undergoing Primary Angioplasty. The HORIZONS-AMI.

Presentation at a Non PCI Facility Requiring Transfer Does NOT Worsen Long-term Prognosis in Patients With STEMI Undergoing Primary Angioplasty. The HORIZONS-AMI.
Gregg W. Stone, Tim Clayton, Roxana Mehran, Efthymios N. Deliargyris, Jayne Prats, Stuart J. Pocock TCT 2012; JACC 2012;60(17SupplB):B16 The HORIZONS-AMI.

Gregg W. Stone, Tim Clayton, Roxana Mehran, Efthymios N. Deliargyris, Jayne Prats, Stuart J. Pocock TCT 2012; JACC 2012;60(17SupplB):B16 The HORIZONS-AMI.
HORIZONS AMI Trial H armonizing O utcomes with R evascular IZ ati ON and S tents In A cute M ycoardial I nfarction H armonizing O utcomes with R evascular.

HORIZONS AMI Trial H armonizing O utcomes with R evascular IZ ati ON and S tents In A cute M ycoardial I nfarction H armonizing O utcomes with R evascular.
TCT 2009 Stent Thrombosis Following Primary PCI in STEMI: Predictors, Clinical Impact and Preventive Strategies from the Horizons AMI Trial George D. Dangas,

TCT 2009 Stent Thrombosis Following Primary PCI in STEMI: Predictors, Clinical Impact and Preventive Strategies from the Horizons AMI Trial George D. Dangas,
A Prospective, Randomized Comparison of Bivalirudin vs. Heparin Plus Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors During Primary Angioplasty in Acute Myocardial Infarction.

A Prospective, Randomized Comparison of Bivalirudin vs. Heparin Plus Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors During Primary Angioplasty in Acute Myocardial Infarction.
Switch Switch Safety and Efficacy of Crossover (Switch) from UFH/Enox to Bivalirudin: Results from ACUITY Dr. Harvey White Green Lane Cardiovascular Service.

Switch Switch Safety and Efficacy of Crossover (Switch) from UFH/Enox to Bivalirudin: Results from ACUITY Dr. Harvey White Green Lane Cardiovascular Service.
Gregg W. Stone, Tim Clayton, Roxana Mehran, Efthymios N. Deliargyris, Jayne Prats, Stuart J. Pocock Bivalirudin Reduces Cardiac Mortality in Patients with.

Gregg W. Stone, Tim Clayton, Roxana Mehran, Efthymios N. Deliargyris, Jayne Prats, Stuart J. Pocock Bivalirudin Reduces Cardiac Mortality in Patients with.
Effect of Switching Antithrombin Agents for Primary Angioplasty in Acute Myocardial Infarction The HORIZONS-SWITCH Analysis HORIZONS AMI Dangas G, et al.

Effect of Switching Antithrombin Agents for Primary Angioplasty in Acute Myocardial Infarction The HORIZONS-SWITCH Analysis HORIZONS AMI Dangas G, et al.
比伐卢定在 STEMI 中的应用价值 王乐丰 首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院心脏中心. Goals of STEMI PCI Establish reperfusion of IRA ASAP Limit complications Limit costs Achieve excellent long.

比伐卢定在 STEMI 中的应用价值 王乐丰 首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院心脏中心. Goals of STEMI PCI Establish reperfusion of IRA ASAP Limit complications Limit costs Achieve excellent long.
A Prospective, Randomized Comparison of Paclitaxel- eluting TAXUS Stents vs. Bare Metal Stents During Primary Angioplasty in Acute Myocardial Infarction.

A Prospective, Randomized Comparison of Paclitaxel- eluting TAXUS Stents vs. Bare Metal Stents During Primary Angioplasty in Acute Myocardial Infarction.
Safety and Efficacy of Switching from Either UFH or Enoxaparin Plus a GP IIb/IIIa Inhibitor to Bivalirudin Monotherapy in Patients with Non-ST Elevation.

Safety and Efficacy of Switching from Either UFH or Enoxaparin Plus a GP IIb/IIIa Inhibitor to Bivalirudin Monotherapy in Patients with Non-ST Elevation.
New Horizons for Patients with ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Gregg W. Stone MD Columbia University Medical Center Cardiovascular Research Foundation.

New Horizons for Patients with ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Gregg W. Stone MD Columbia University Medical Center Cardiovascular Research Foundation.
TCT Presentation October 2006 Outcomes in Elderly Patients Undergoing PCI Treated with Bivalirudin Monotherapy versus Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors.

TCT Presentation October 2006 Outcomes in Elderly Patients Undergoing PCI Treated with Bivalirudin Monotherapy versus Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors.
Ramin Ebrahimi, MD University of California Los Angeles/ Greater Los Angeles VA Medical Center Implications of Preoperative Thienopyridine Use Prior to.

Ramin Ebrahimi, MD University of California Los Angeles/ Greater Los Angeles VA Medical Center Implications of Preoperative Thienopyridine Use Prior to.

Similar presentations

Ads by Google