1. Neutralisation and the pH scale
Baseline (Flightpath D): Safely use universal indicator to classify a solution as acidic or alkaline. Describe the pH scale. Recall an example of an alkaline, neutral, basic, and acidic chemical.
Further (Flightpath C&B): Describe how universal indicator can be used to classify a chemical as acidic or alkaline. Describe how solutions can be acidic or alkaline. Describe the relationship between alkalis and bases.
Challenge Flightpath A): Evaluate how universal indicator or a data logger can be used to determine the approximate pH of a solution.
Use ionic equations to explain how solutions can be acidic or alkaline. Explain how the pH of a solution changes as acid or alkali is added.

2. pH Curve
Fill a burette to 0cm3 with hydrochloric acid and using a burette clamp, hold in place over a 100cm3 beaker.
Measure 20cm3 sodium hydroxide and add to beaker
Measure the pH using a pH probe.
Add 1cm3 hydrochloric acid from the burette.
Swirl the mixture, measure and record the pH
Repeat with additions of 1cm3 hydrochloric acid until 25cm3 acid has been added.