1. Unit 2: Revolutions
4.5.16

2. Today’s Plan Mini-lecture w/ guided notes
Independent work on the changes of the Industrial Revolution.

3. Industrialization Industrial Revolution Phase 2:
industrialization spreads to France, Italy, Russia, Japan, Germany, and the US.

4. 3 Major changes of the Industrial Revolution
New inventions
Rise of big business
Workplace reforms

5. Change 1: New Inventions
Telegraph and telephone increase communication
Bessemer Process lowers the cost of steel and encourages construction
Electricity

6. Change 2: Rise of Big Business
Horizontal integration — buy up every company in the same business Vertical integration — take control of each step of the production & distribution of a product
Andrew Carnegie (Vertical in Steel Business)
John Rockefeller (Horizontal in Oil Business)

8. Monopolies One business is the only supplier of a particular item
Example: If AT&T were the only cell phone company in the United States, they would have a monopoly.
Why might this be problematic?

9. Monopolies Businesses formed monopolies and trusts
Controlled all of one kind of business
Allowed them to set prices
Why wasn’t the government regulating this behavior?

10. Government Leaves Business Alone Because…
Laissez-faire policies
Social Darwinism

11. Laissez Faire Policies
“Hands off” policies which allowed businesses to do whatever they wanted
Market will regulate itself by supply and demand and government should not intervene

12. Social Darwinism Based on Darwin’s theory of evolution
“Survival of the fittest”
The best-run businesses led by the most capable people would survive prosper

13. Herbert Spencer on Social Darwinism, 1851.
“It seems hard that those without skills …should experience hunger... It seems hard that a laborer stopped by sickness from competing with his stronger workers should have to suffer the resulting loss. It seems hard that widows and orphans should be left to struggle for life or death. [Even so], in…the interests of universal humanity, these harsh deaths [have a good effect]…they bring to early graves the children of diseased parents.”

14. In Business…
Businesses bribed legislators to pass laws favoring their companies
“Our political leaders are hired, by bribery…to conduct the government of a city, state, nation, not for the common good, but for the interests of private business.”
Government sells resources to companies at very low prices

16. Change 3: Workplace Assembly Lines & Scientific Management
No wasted time
Workers stand in one place all day, performing the same task over and over
Workers feel as though they have become machines

17. Child Labor Working Conditions
Up to 18% of the workforce during the Industrial Revolution
Working Conditions
1882, an average of 675 laborers were killed in work-related accidents each week

18. Tuesday Mini-lecture w/ guided notes Independent work
Use the reading packet to complete the rest of your worksheet packet.
Complete sentences for questions, not for tables/charts/lists.