1. Anthrolinguistics how much agency individual have in culture
Presenters: Hine Akram
Mehak Ali
Maryum Zunaira
Anum Khalid
Presented to: Mam Shazia Ghilzai

2. introduction What is agency?
In social science, agency is the capacity of individuals to act independently and to make their own free choices. By contrast, structure  is those factors of influence (such as social class, religion, gender, ethnicity, customs, etc.) that determine or limit an agent and his or her decisions. The relative difference in influences from structure and agency is debated – it is unclear to what extent a person's actions are constrained by social systems.

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One's agency is one's independent capability or ability to act on one's will. This ability is affected by the cognitive belief structure which one has formed through one's experiences, and the perceptions held by the society and the individual, of the structures and circumstances of the environment one is in and the position they are born into. Disagreement on the extent of one's agency often causes conflict between parties, e.g. parents and children.

4. Feelings of agency
Thinkers have only just begun to empirically explore the factors that cause a person to feel as though they are in control — particularly, in control of a physical action. Social psychologist Denial Wegener discusses how an “illusion of control" may cause people to take credit for events that they did not cause. These false judgements of agency occur especially under stress, or when the results of the event were ones that the individual desired.

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From an evolutionary  perspective, the illusion of agency would be beneficial in allowing social animals to predict the actions of others. If one considers him or herself a conscious agent, then the quality of agency would naturally be intuited upon others. As it is possible to deduce another's intentions the assumption of agency allows one to extrapolate from those intentions what actions someone else is likely to perform

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Agency may either be classified as unconscious, involuntary behaviour, or purposeful, goal directed activity (intentional action). An agent typically has some sort of immediate awareness of their physical activity and the goals that the activity is aimed at realizing. In ‘goal directed action’ an agent implements a kind of direct control or guidance over their own behaviour.

7. Over to..
Mehak Ali

8. Webster’s Definition of Culture
The integrated pattern of human knowledge, belief, and
behaviour that depends upon the capacity for learning and
transmitting knowledge to succeeding generations;
The customary beliefs, social forms, and material traits
of a racial, religious, or social group;
The set of shared attitudes, values, goals, and practices
that characterizes an institution or organization;
The set of values, conventions, or social practices
associated with a particular field, activity, or societal
characteristic

9. Foundation of Culture communication Is culture
Culture is communication,
communication Is culture

10. Components of Agency Culture
Beliefs: Shared explanations of experience
Example: Youth should be treated with
respect and dignity.
Example: Youth cannot be trusted and youth
will always lie.
Values: What is considered right and good
Example: If it’s youth vs. staff, the decision
supports the staff member.
If its youth vs. staff, err on the side of believing
youth.

11. Components of Agency Culture
Norms: Shared rules, “the way things are
done”.
Example: Don’t volunteer for assignments.
Example: Don’t be late on third shift.
Example: Don’t use bad language.
Example: Don’t turn in fellow
employees that violate rules.
Norms are often MORE powerful than
formal guidelines.

12. Over to…
Hina Akram

13. Influences on Culture History: critical events
Hiring process: qualities sought, backgrounds
objectivity
Promotional process
Leadership and agency ethics
Public opinion

14. Changing Culture 3 Steps to Culture Change
Understand the current culture
(the way things are now)
Decide what the organizational
culture should look like to
support success
The individuals in the
organization must decide to
change their behaviour to create
the desired culture

15. Strategies for Changing Agency/Organization Culture
Create value and belief statements
Practice effective communication
Review organizational structure
Redesign your approach to rewards and
recognition
Review all work systems

16. Strategies for Changing Agency/Organization Culture
Idea: change terminology to change
culture.
“Correctional officer” to “youth leader”
or “child care worker”, etc.
Youth Care Officers
Residential Youth Care Officers

17. What Are the Strategies for Changing Youth Culture?
Change the environment
Create an environment in the facility where youth
feel safe reporting sexual abuse and are confident
their allegations will be investigated.
Orient and Educate Youth
Teach youth about boundaries,
being safe and how to report abuse
Empower youth
Allow youth to have responsibilities; peer mentors