1. Plant Form and Function
Learning Goal: How are plants structurally adapted for survival?
Concept 4: Analyzing how water and nutrients move through a plant (Ch 36 and Investigation 11)
Refer to pg , in Holtzclaw Ch 39 in Campbell Media resources AP Inv 11
Don’t forget your Reading Guide!

2. Concepts already covered:
Concept 1: Analyzing the reproduction of angiosperms and modifications through biotechnology (Ch 38)
Concept 2: Analyzing how plants detect and defend themselves against herbivores and environmental stresses (Ch 39)
Don’t forget to connect to the Big Ideas!

3. Don’t forget to connect to the Big Ideas!
Today:
Concept 3: Analyzing how water and nutrients move through a plant (Ch 36, Investigation 11)
Don’t forget to connect to the Big Ideas!

4. How and why do water/nutrients move through a plant?
You must know: (Ch 36)
The role of passive transport, active transport, and cotransport in plant transport.
The role of diffusion, active transport, and bulk flow in the movement of water and nutrients in plants (with water potential calculations)
How the transpiration cohesion-tension mechanism explains water movement in plants.
How pressure flow explains translocation.

5. How and why do water/nutrients move through a plant?
You must know: (AP Investigation 11)
The role of water potential and transpiration in the movement of water from roots to leaves.
The effects of various environmental conditions on the rate of transpiration.
How to identify xylem and phloem and relate their structure to their function.

6. How does water and dissolved nutrients get from the roots to the leaves in these tall trees?

7. How does water and dissolved nutrients get from the roots to the leaves in these tall trees?
Transpiration

8. How does sugar get from the leaves to the roots in plants for winter storage?

9. Translocation Transpiration
How does sugar get from the leaves to the roots in plants for winter storage?
Translocation
Transpiration

10. Overview

11. Overview

12. Overview

13. Try This! What is the similarity between xylem and phloem tissue?
What is the difference between xylem and phloem tissue?

14. Types of Tissue Dermal tissue – outer protective covering
Vascular tissue – carries out transportation of materials between roots and shoots
Xylem – transports water and dissolved minerals up from roots into the shoots
Phloem – transports sugars from leaves to other parts of plant (sites of growth)
Ground tissue – not dermal or vascular

15. Xylem Cells – water conducting cells

16. Phloem Cells – sugar conductive cells

17. Try This!
Explain the difference between passive transport and active transport.

18. Plasmolysis an effect of osmosis, which is an example of passive transport

19. Transport from Roots to Shoots
Vocabulary to listen for:
xylem
xylem sap
mycorrhizae
inorganic ions
apoplastic route
symplastic route
plasmodesmata
casparian strip
endodermis cells

20. Try This: Explain the transport of water and nutrients from roots to shoots

21. Transport up shoots to leaves: Transpiration through Xylem
Vocabulary to listen for:
transpiration
hydrogen bonds
cohesion
adhesion
solute
stomata
guard cells
Question to listen for:
How do (C3) plants prevent excessive water loss in hot, dry environment?

22. Stomata! Open and Closed

23. Stomata! Open and Closed
Flaccid
Turgid

24. Try This: Explain the transport of water and nutrients up shoots to leaves

25. How and why does sugar move through a plant?
Phloem Translocation in Summer
Phloem Translocation in Spring
Vocabulary to listen for:
phloem
sieve-tube elements
phloem sap
osmosis
tranlocation
water pressure
sugar source
bulk flow
sugar sink
active transport
tap root
starch

26. Try This: Explain the transport of sugar from sugar source to sugar sink in spring and late summer

27. Try This! Remember the equation for water potential?
Explain the equation
If the in cell A is greater than the
in cell B, which way will water move? S P + =

28. Try This! Remember the equation for water potential?
Explain the equation
If the in cell A is greater than the
in cell B, which way will water move?
Water moves from high water potential to low water potential, so from cell A to cell B
Solute Potential (lower [solute] means higher solute potential) S P + =
Pressure Potential (the more water, the higher the pressure potential exerted by the cell wall)
Water Potential

29. Try This! Predict the effect on water potential of: + =
Addition of solutes to distilled water
Loss of turgor pressure within a plant leaf S P + =

30. Try This! Predict the effect on water potential of: + =
Addition of solutes to distilled water
Loss of turgor pressure within a plant leaf
Lower
Higher S P + =

31. Important Vocab:
Bulk Flow: the movement of water through a plant from regions of high pressure to regions of low pressure.
Water and solute move through both xylem and phloem tissue by way of bulk flow

32. Try These Questions:
Transpiration has been described as a “necessary evil.” Explain the costs and benefits of transpiration to a plant.

33. Now… Finish Reading Guide Handout Go through Ch 36 Animations online
Bioflix!
Read Investigation 11 for next week 