1. PPT PREPARED BY Mrs. VALASAMMA THOMAS ON MICROBES AS BIOCONTROL AGENTS

2. WELCOME

3. BIOCONTROL
Use of biological methods to control plant diseases and pests.

4. HARMFUL EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES AND INSECTICIDES
Highly toxic and extremely harmful.
Strong pollutant- pollute environment (air, water, soil) fruits , vegetables, crop plants etc.

5. BIOCONTROL MEASURES-
ADVANTAGES
Biocontrol measures, greatly reduce our dependence on toxic chemicals and pesticides.

6. BIOLOGICALCONTROL: EXAMPLES
Aphids are predated by ladybird.

7. 2.Mosquitoes are predated by dragon fly.

8. Bt-PLANTS
Biotechnologists introduced Bt toxin genes from Bacillus thuringiensis into plants, and such plants are pests resistant. Eg: Bt-cotton

9. 3.Caterpillars are killed by Bacillus thuringiensis

10. Plants treated with Trichoderma(a free living fungus) can resist many plant pathogens.

11. Baculoviruses are pathogens of insects and arthropods.
They belongs to the genus- nucleopolyhedrovirus.
They are species specific.

12. Microbes as Biofertilizers
Bio fertilizers are organisms that enrich the nutrient quality of the soil.

13. Examples:
Rhizobium- fixes atmospheric Nitrogen in root nodules of leguminous plants.

14. 2.Azospirillum & Azotobacter are free living Nitrogen fixing bacteria

15. 3.Mycorrhiza(fungal growth on roots of some plants)

16. Myccorhiza attached roots can:
Absorbs phosphorus from the soil and passes it.
Show resistance to root- pathogens.
Tolerance to salinity and drought.
Overall increase in plant growth.

17. Cyanobacteria- free living Nitrogen fixing bacteriae widely available in aquatic and terrestrial environment
Examples:
ANABAENA
OSCILLATORIA
NOSTOC

18. Nowadays many bio fertilizers are commercially available in our markets which the farmers can purchase and use .

19. CONCLUSION :
It is right time to go back to organic cultivation and use of bio pesticides and biofertilizers which only will save us from the octopus grip of highly toxic pollutants.

20. THANK YOU