1. Single particle states
Energy level diagram for the single particle states available to be filled by protons or neutrons in order to build larger nuclei.
From the left is first the ladder for the spherical oscillator approximation, then a refinement to accomodate the finite depth of the oscillator potential, and then the splitting caused by the strong spin-orbit coupling.

2. Spherical – deformed representation
Schematic representation of the effect of a passage of a nucleus from an ideal spherical shape to the usual shape of a prolate ellipsoid for an example of neutron single particle states in the mass region above 82 neutrons filling lower states.

3. g-factor of electron, proton and neutron
particle
Z/e gℓ
spin
µs=gsµKs gs e- -1 1
1/2 2 p +1
+2.79
+5.58 n
-1.91
-3.82
Dirac particles?
charge
mass mq
spin
mag. moment
up-quark
+2/3
~1/3mN
1/2
down-quark
-1/3
Quark-model
coupling scheme:
u×u:
d×d:
uu×d:
dd×u:
neutron (ddu): gs=-4
proton (uud): gs=6

4. g-factor of proton states
coupling scheme:

5. g-factor of proton and neutron states
proton states: h11/2 g7/2
neutron states: i13/2 f7/2
8- isomeric state (2 quasi particle configuration)
16+ isomeric state (4 quasi particle configuration)
Hyperfine Interaction 52 (1989), 79
coupling scheme: