1. SOFTWARE QUALITY ASSURANCE
&
PROCESS IMPROVEMENT
LECTURE # 1
INTRODUCTION
Engr. Ali Javed
Lecture No. 1
16th August, 2011

2. Contact Information 2
Instructor: Engr. Ali Javed
Lecturer
Department of Software Engineering
U.E.T Taxila
 Contact No:
Office hours:
 Monday, 09: :00, Office # 7
Engr. Ali Javed

3. Course Information 3
Course Name: Software Quality Assurance & Process Improvement
Course Code: SE-9003
Group Name: MS_SQAnPI
Group Home Page:
Group
Engr. Ali Javed

4. Reference Books 4
Software Quality Engineering: Testing, Quality Assurance, and
Quantifiable Improvement: JEFF TIAN, 2005.
Software Testing & Continuous quality improvement 2nd Edition by William Lewis.
The Art of Software Testing: Glenford Myers, 2nd Edition
Software Testing and Quality Assurance, Theory and Practice:
KSHIRASAGAR NAIK, PRIYADARSHI TRIPATHY, 2008.
Engr. Ali Javed

5. Grading Criteria Grading - 20% - 40% - 10 % - 20 %  Mid Term5
Grading
 Mid Term
- 20%
 End Term
- 40%
 Quiz
- 10 %
 Assignment
 Viva(Research work)
- 20 %
Engr. Ali Javed

6. Quizzes and Assignments6
Quiz- 4 quizzes
2 before mid term
2 after mid term
Assignment- 3 assignments
1 after mid term
Engr. Ali Javed

7. Software Quality 7 Quality Quality Types Different views of Quality
Quality Models
Cost of Quality
Engr. Ali Javed

8. Quality Types Quality of Design Quality of Conformance Engr. Ali Javed8
Quality of Design
Quality of Conformance
Engr. Ali Javed

9. Different Views of Quality9
Transcendental View
User View
Manufacturing View
Product View
Value based View
Engr. Ali Javed

10. Quality Models Standard quality models10
Standard quality models
McCall
ISO/IEC 9126
IEEE
Application or company specific quality models
FURPS
GQM Approach
Engr. Ali Javed

11. Cost of Quality Prevention cost: Appraisal cost: Failure cost:11
Prevention cost:
Appraisal cost:
Failure cost:
Internal failure cost
External failure cost
Engr. Ali Javed

12. Quality Assurance 12 Quality Assurance
Classification Scheme for Quality Assurance
Dealing with Pre- Post Release Defects
Defect prevention
Defect Reduction
Defect Containment
Engr. Ali Javed

13. Classification scheme for QA13
Defect Prevention
Education and training
Process conformance and standards enforcement
Tools/technologies and techniques
Defect Reduction (Defect Detection and Removal)
Static Testing
Dynamic Testing
Defect Containment
Software Fault Tolerance
Fault Containment
Engr. Ali Javed

14. Software Quality Assurance14
Software Quality Assurance
SQA Team
SQA Plan
Software Review
Formal Technical Reviews
Review Guidelines
Engr. Ali Javed

15. Software Quality Assurance15
Software QA involves monitoring and improving the entire software development process, making sure that any agreed- upon standards and procedures are followed, and ensuring that problems are found and dealt with.
Engr. Ali Javed

16. SQA Team Testing Manager Test Team Lead Test Analyst Tester16
Testing Manager
Test Team Lead
Test Analyst
Tester
Independent Test Observer
Engr. Ali Javed

17. SQA Plan 17
The software quality assurance plan is an outline of quality measures to ensure quality levels within a software development effort.
The plan is used to compare the actual levels development with the planned levels of quality.
of quality during
If the levels of quality are not within the planned quality levels, management will respond appropriately as documented within the plan.
Engr. Ali Javed

18. Software Reviews What is software review? Why software reviews?18
What is software review?
Why software reviews?
Objectives
Review Meeting Constraints
Review Meeting Results
Engr. Ali Javed

19. Software Configuration Management19
Configuration
Software Configuration Management
Baselines
Software Configuration Items
SCM Process
SCM Tasks
Engr. Ali Javed

20. Software Configuration Management20
Software Configuration Management is the art of identifying, organizing and controlling modifications to the software being built by a programming team. It maximizes productivity by minimizing mistakes
Engr. Ali Javed

21. Baselines IEEE Std. baselines as, No. 610.12-1990 defines21
IEEE Std.
baselines as, No
defines
“ A specification
formally reviewed and
or product that has been
agreed upon, that
basis for further
thereafter serves as the
development, and that can be changed only through formal change control procedures.”
Engr. Ali Javed

22. SCI 22
The items that comprises all information produced as a part of software process are collectively called a software configuration items.
Engr. Ali Javed

23. SCM Tasks Identifications of objects Version Control Change Control23
Identifications of objects
Version Control
Change Control
Configuration Auditing
Status Reporting
Engr. Ali Javed

24. Software Testing 24 What is Software Testing?
Software Testing Activities
Software Testing Principles
Test Cases
Basic Types of testing
Methods of Testing
Engr. Ali Javed

25. Software Testing “Testing is the process of executing a program25
“Testing is the process of executing a program
or system with the intent of finding errors.”
by Myers 1979
Engr. Ali Javed

26. Software Testing Activities26
Test Planning
Test Case Design and Specification
Test Set up
Test Execution
Test Result Analysis and Reporting
Problem/Bug Reporting
Test Management and Measurement
Test Automation
Engr. Ali Javed

27. Test Case 27
A test case in software engineering is a set of conditions or variables under which a tester will determine whether an application or software system meets specifications.
Engr. Ali Javed

28. Methods of Testing 28
Manual Testing
Automated Testing
Engr. Ali Javed

29. Types of Testing Black Box Testing White Box Testing Gray Box Testing29
Black Box Testing
White Box Testing
Gray Box Testing
Engr. Ali Javed

30. Static Testing 30 Introduction of static testing
Static Testing Approach
Static Testing Methods
Inspections
Walkthroughs
Desk Checking
Peer Ratings
Engr. Ali Javed

31. Static Testing 31
In software development, static testing, also called dry run testing, is a form of software testing where the authors manually read their documents/code to find any errors.
Engr. Ali Javed

32. Static Testing Approach32
Step 1- Cosmetic Cleaning
Step 2- Use any static testing method
Engr. Ali Javed

33. Static Testing Methods33
Inspections
Fagan Inspection
Gilb Inspection
Two Person Inspection
N-Fold Inspection
Meetingless Inspection
Walkthroughs
Desk Checking
Peer Ratings
Engr. Ali Javed

34. Black Box Testing 34 Black Box Testing Black Box Testing methods
Engr. Ali Javed

35. Black Box Testing Methods35
Equivalence Class Partitioning Testing
Boundary Value Testing
Omission Testing
Null Case Testing
Volume Testing
Load Testing
Stress Testing
Performance Testing
Resource Testing
Requirements/Specification Testing
Button Press Testing
Engr. Ali Javed

36. Black Box Testing Methods36
State Transition Testing
Installation Testing
Security Testing
Integration Testing
Compatibility Testing
Configuration Testing
Documentation Testing
Smoke Testing
Usability Testing
Exploratory Testing
Engr. Ali Javed

37. White Box Testing 37 White Box Testing White Box Testing methods
Unit Testing
Control Flow Graph
Graph Matrix
Engr. Ali Javed

38. White Box Testing Methods38
Statement Coverage
Segment Coverage
Branch Coverage
Compound Condition Coverage
Basis Path Testing
Data Flow Testing
Loop Testing
Engr. Ali Javed

39. Debugging 39 Debugging Difference between Testing & Debugging
Bug Life Cycle
Reporting
Bug/Defect Types
Defect Report
Methods of Debugging
Engr. Ali Javed

40. Debugging 40
Debugging is the activity which is performed after executing a
successful test case.
Debugging consists of determining the exact
nature and
location of the suspected error and fixing the error.
Engr. Ali Javed

41. Testing VS Debugging TESTING DEBUGGING41
TESTING
DEBUGGING
Testing is the process of executing a program or system with the aim of findings errors or bugs.
Correcting these errors or bugs (found during testing) is debugging.
Engr. Ali Javed

42. Bug Lifecycle 42
Engr. Ali Javed

43. Reporting 43
Daily
Weekly
End of Cycle
Engr. Ali Javed

44. Bug Types 44
Showstopper
Critical
Non-Critical (Minor)
Engr. Ali Javed

45. Methods of Debugging Debugging by Brute Force Attack45
Debugging by Brute Force Attack
Debugging by Induction
Debugging by Deduction
Debugging by Backtracking
Debugging by Testing
Engr. Ali Javed

46. Quality Management 46 Quality Management Overview
Quality Assurance and Standards
Quality Planning
Quality Control
Software Measurement and Metrics
Engr. Ali Javed

47. Quality Management 47
The term Quality management has a specific meaning within many business sectors. This specific definition can be considered to have four main components: quality planning, quality control and quality assurance. Quality management is focused not only on product but also the means to achieve it. Quality management therefore uses quality assurance and control of processes as well as products to achieve more consistent quality.
Engr. Ali Javed

48. Quality Management Activities48
Quality assurance
Quality planning
Quality control
Engr. Ali Javed

49. Software Measurements and Metrics49
A software metric is a quantitative measure of degree to which
a system, component or process possesses a given attribute.
Lines of code in a program, number of person-days required to develop a component, etc.
Engr. Ali Javed

50. Process Improvement 50 Process Improvement Process and product quality
Process measurement
Process analysis
Process change
CMMI Model
Six Sigma
Engr. Ali Javed

51. Process Improvement 51
“Process improvement” means making things better or more formally Understanding existing processes and introducing process changes to improve product quality, reduce costs or accelerate schedules.
Engr. Ali Javed

52. Process & Product Quality52
Development technology
Product quality
Process quality
People quality
Cost, time and schedule
Engr. Ali Javed

53. Process Measurement 53
Process measurements are quantitative data about the software
process
Humphrey argues that measurement of process and product attributes is essential for process improvement
The Most important question “You must know what to measure?”
Engr. Ali Javed

54. Process Analysis Questionnaires and Interviews Ethnographic Analysis54
Questionnaires and Interviews
Ethnographic Analysis
Engr. Ali Javed

55. Process Change Involves making modifications to existing processes.55
Involves making modifications to existing processes.
Engr. Ali Javed

56. CMMI 56
CMMI is a process improvement approach that provides organizations with the essential elements of effective processes that ultimately improve their performance.
The CMMI model has 5 levels:
Initial
Managed
Defined
Quantitatively Managed
Optimizing
Engr. Ali Javed

57. Six Sigma 57
Six Sigma is a business management strategy originally developed by Motorola, USA in As of 2010, it is widely used in many sectors of industry.
Six Sigma seeks to improve the quality of process outputs by identifying and removing the causes of defects (errors) and minimizing variability in manufacturing and business processes.
Engr. Ali Javed

58. References 58
Software Quality Engineering: Testing, Quality Assurance, and Quantifiable Improvement: JEFF TIAN, 2005.
The Art of Software Testing by Glenford Myers Software Engineering by Ian Sommerville
Software Engineering by Roger Pressman
WhiteBox and BlackBox Testing methods used in LMKR Software house 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
10.
Engr. Ali Javed

59. For any query Feel Free to ask59
Engr. Ali Javed