Keys to 2402 Models Photographs and Keys by Jeff Beck

Keys to 2402 Models Photographs and Keys by Jeff Beck
Department of Math and Natural Sciences Collin County Community College

1. Frontal bone (Os frontale)
2. Temporal bone ( Os temporale) 3. Sphenoid bone (Os sphenoidale) 4. Occipital bone (Os occipitale) 5. Parietal bone (Os parietale) 6. Ethmoid bone (Os ethmoidale) 7. Maxilla (upper jaw) 8. Zygomatic bone (Os zygomaticum) 9. Palatine bone (Os palatinum) 10. Lacrimal bone (Os lacrimale) 11. Inferior nasal concha (Concha nasalis inferior) 12. Nasal bone (Os nasale) 13. Vomer 14. Mandible (lower jaw) 15. – 21. Cervical vertebrae

Endocrine glands and their parts
Pituitary gland or hypophysis Adenohypophysis Neurohypophysis Infundibulum Thyroid gland Lateral lobe of thyroid Isthmus of thyroid Parathyroid gland Suprarenal or adrenal gland Capsule of suprarenal gland Cortex of suprarenal gland Medulla of suprarenal gland Pancreatic islets of Langerhans Alpha cells of pancreatic islets Beta cells if pancreatic islets Testis or testicle (male) Seminiferous tubules Epididymis Ductus deferens Ovary (female) Blood vessels to ovary Medulla of ovary Developing follicles in ovary Corpus luteum Body organs and structures closely associated with endocrine glands Diencephalon Trachea Carotid artery Arch of aorta Heart Kidney Pancreas Uterus Oviduct or fallopian tube

BRAIN End brain Interbrain Midbrain Afterbrain Marrowbrain I, II, III Cerebrum Superior longitudinal sinus Tentorium cerebelli Little brain a. arbor vitae cerebelli Trabs cerebri a. rostrum corporis callosi b. genu corporis callosi Septum pellucidum Fornix Anterior commissure Middle commissure Posterior commissure Thalamus Foramen of Monro Aqueduct of the cerebrum Ventriculus quartus Corpus pineale Chiasma opticum Hypophysis Corpus mamillare Quadrigeminal plate Upper velum palati Bridge Lengthening of spinal marrow Spinal marrow

Hyoid bone Larynx 2. Thyroid cartilage 3. Annular cartilage 4. Epiglottis 5. Arytenoid cartilage 6. Thyrohyoid membrane 7. Thyrohyoid muscle 8. M. cricothyroideus 9. M. arytaenoideus transverses 10. M. arytaenoideus obliquus 11. Posterior crycoarytenoid muscle 12. Laryngeal pouch 13. Superior laryngeal artery 14. Inferior thyroid vein B. Thyroid gland

Heart apex Interventricular septum Right auricle Left auricle Right auricular appendage Left auricular appendage Right ventricle Left ventricle Superior vena cava Inferior vena cava Tricuspid valve Pulmonary artery Pulmonary veins Bicuspid valve Aorta Semilunar valves Chordae tendinae 2. Papillary muscles 3. Ascending branch of the aorta 4. Right coronary artery 5. Left coronary artery 6. Great heart vein 7. Arch of the aorta

Aorta Brachiocephalic artery Left common carotid artery Left subclavian artery Superficial cardiac plexus Left vagus nerve Recurrent laryngeal nerve Ligamentum arteriosus Left pulmonary artery Left bronchus Left bronchial artery Pulmonary nerve plexus Intercostal arteries Thoracic duct Azygos vein Esophagus Right vagus nerve Right bronchial artery Trachea Right main bronchus Right pulmonary artery Tracheobronchial lymph nodes Right ventricle Left ventricle Left atrium Right atrium Right auricle Conus arteriosus Left auricle 30. Apex Azygos vein Crista supraventricularis 31. Pulmonary artery Left pulmonary veins Tricuspid valve, anterior cusp 32. Aorta Right pulmonary veins Tricuspid valve, posterior cusp 33. Pericardium Marginal branch of right coronary artery Tricuspid valve, medial cusp 34. Superior vena cava Coronary sulcus Anterior papillary muscle 35. Right coronary artery Anterior interventricular sulcus Posterior papillary muscle 36. Anterior cardiac veins Crista terminalis Septal papillary muscle 37. Left coronary artery Sinoatrial node Trabeculae carnae 38. Anterior interventricular artery Atrioventricular node Right branch of bundle of His 39. Circumflex artery Opening of coronary sinus Moderator band 40. Great cardiac vein Limbus fossa ovalis Pulmonary conus 41. Marginal branch of left coronary artery Fossa ovalis Pulmonary semilunar valve, posterior 42. Oblique vein of left atrium Valvula venae cavae Pulmonary semilunar valve, anterior 43. Coronary sinus Musculus pectinatus Pulmonary semilunar valve, anterior 44. Dorsal interventricular vein Tricuspid valve anterior cusp Foramen ovale 45. Left dorsal ventricular vein Tricuspid valve medial cusp Opening of pulmonary vein 46. Inferior vena cava Tricuspid valve posterior cusp Bicuspid valve, anterior cusp 81. Bicuspid valve, posterior cusp 82. Anterior papillary muscle 83. Chordae tendinae 84. Posterior papillary muscle 85. Trabecular carnae 86. Aortic semilunar valve, right anterior 87. Aortic semilunar valve, left anterior

The major parts of the circulatory system 15. Aorta 37. Tunica media
Heart Inominate atery Tunica externa Circulatory system Left common carotid Vein Subclavian artery Artery Epicardium Principal structures of the heart Myocardium Muscle wall of right ventricle Endocardium Muscle wall of left ventricle Intraventricular septum Heart Right atrium Kidneys Left atrial wall Abdominal aorta Papillary muscles Femoral arteries Tricuspid valve Arteries Bicuspid valve Subclavian arteries Pulmonary semilunar valve Arteries Aortic semilunar valve Arteries Superior vena cava Wall of vein Inferior vena cava Valve in vein Pulmonary artery Typical artery Pulmonary veins Tunica interna of artery

Human blood circulation model Vena frontalis
Vena temporalis supervicialis Superficial temporal artery 3a. Maxillary artery Occipital artery Supratrochlear artery Angular artery and vein Facial artery and vein 7a. Lingual artery Retromandibular vein Vena jugularis interna Superior thyroid artery Vertebral artery Thyrocervical trunk Costocervical trunk Transverse scapular artery Subclavian artery and vein Superior vena cava Common carotid artery 18a. External carotid artery Arch of aorta Descending aorta Axillary artery and vein Vena cephalica 22a. Anterior humeral circumflex artery 22b. Posterior humeral circumflex artery Thoracodorsal artery Brachial artery and vein Acromiothoracic artery Left subclavian artery Vena bascilica Superior ulnar collateral artery Ulnar artery Common interosseous artery Vena mediana antibrachii Radial artery Superficial palmar arch Common volar digital arteries and veins Artery profunda brachii Radial recurrent artery Dorsal carpal branchof the radial artery Posterior branch of the interosseous artery Dorsal metacarpal arteries First dorsal metacarpal arteries 46. Vena pulmonalis 47. Pulmonary artery 48. Truncus pulmonalis 49. Lung (left) 50. Right atrium 51. Left atrium 52. Right ventricle 53. Left ventricle 54. Aortic valve 55. Pulmonary valve 56. Interventricular septum 57. Midriff 58. Liver 59. Venae hepaticae 60. Gastric veins, right and left 61. Common hepatic artery 61a. Truncus coeliacus 62. Superior mesenteric vein 63. Inferior vena cava 64. Renal artery and vein 65. Superior mesenteric artery 66. Lienal artery and vein 67. Left gastric artery 68. Aorta abdominalis 69. Inferior mesenteric artery 72. Common iliac artery and vein 73. External iliac artery and vein 74. Middle sacral artery 75. Internal iliac artery and vein 76. Ascending branch of the lateral femoral circumflex artery 77. Descending branch of the 78. Femoral artery 79. Deep femoral artery 80. Popliteal artery and vein 81. Posterior tibial artery 82. Anterior tibial artery 83. Arteria dorsalis pedis 84. Lateral plantar artery 85. Superficial artery 86. Vena profunda femoris 87. Medial femoral circumflex 88. External pudendal artery 89. Vena femoralis 91. Vena saphena parva 93. Perforating arteries 95. Medial superior genicular 95a. Lateral superior genicular 96. Lateral inferior genicular 96a. Medial inferior genicular 97. Highest genicular artery 98. Communicating perforating artery 99. Vena saphena magna 100. Rete venosum dorsale pedis 101. Arteria dorsalis pedis 102. Arcute artery 103. Arcus venosus dorsalis 104. Dorsal metatarsal arteries 104a.Venae digitales pedis dorsales 106. Anterior tibial artery Human blood circulation model

Transverse sinus 23. Olfactory bulb
Straight sinus Olfactory tract Superior sagittal sinus Optic nerve Great vein of the cerebrum Oculomotor nerve 2. Sigmoid sinus Trochlear nerve 3. Superior petrous sinus Trigeminal nerve 4. Inferior petrous sinus Trigeminal ganglion 5. Cavernous sinus Ophthalmic nerve 6. Intercavernous sinuses Maxillary nerve 7. Occipital sinus Mandibular nerve 8. Internal carotid artery Abducens nerve 9. Ophthalmic artery Intermediate nerve 11. Posterior communicating artery Facial nerve 12. Posterior cerebral artery Nervus vestibulocochlearis 13. Basilar artery Glossopharyngeal nerve 14. Superior artery of the cerebellum Vagus nerve 15. Artery of the labyrinth Accessory nerve 16. Inferior anterior artery of the cerebellum Hypoglossal nerve 17. Vertebral artery Cervical nerves 18. Anterior spinal artery Hypophysis 19. Inferior posterior artery of the cerebellum 20. Middle meningeal artery 21. Diploic veins 22. Diploe

The Human Brain TELENCEPHALON Frontal lobe 17. Choroid plexus 36. Pons
Parietal lobe 18. Hippocampus 37. Medulla oblongata Occipital lobe Diencephalon 38. Olive Temporal lobe 19. Thalamus 39. Pyramid Central sulcus 20. Hypothalamic sulcus 40. first cervical nerve Precentral gyrus 21. Hypothalamus Cervical Nerves Postcentral gyrus 22. Interthalamic adhesion I. Olfactory Olfactory bulb 23. Pineal body II. Optic Anterior commissure Left mamillary body III. Oculomotor Corpus callosum 25. Pituitary gland IV. Trochlear a. Genu Choroid plexus V. Trigeminal b. Trunk Caudate nucleus VI. Abducens c. Splenium 28. Pulvinar VII. Facial d. Rostrum 29. Medial geniculate body VIII. Vestibulocochlear 11. Septum pellucidum 30. Lateral geniculate body IX. Glossopharyngeal 12. Fornix Quadrigeminal lamina X. Vagus 13. Posterior commissure 32. Tegmentum XI. Accessory 14. Insula Cerebral peduncle XII. Hypoglossal 15. Internal capsule 34. Cerebral aquaduct Circle of Willis 16. Lateral ventricle 35. Cerebellum

ARTERIES Axillary Humeral circumflex Brachial Brachial profunda Superior ulnar collateral Inferior ulnar collateral Anterior ulnar recurrent Radial Ulnar Anterior Interosseous Posterior Interosseous Deep palmar arch Superficial Palmar arch Middle collateral Radial collateral VEINS 16. Median 17. Basilic 18. Axillary 19. Median cubital 20. Cephalic 21. Accessory cephalic

Placenta Fetal side of the placenta Maternal side of the placenta, with maternal veins Fetal membrane Umbilical cord Umbilical vein Umbilical arteries Umbilical ligament Liver 9a. Ductus venosus Arantii Heart Portal vein Lower vena cava Right vestibule Foramen ovale Upper vena cava Right ventricle Tricuspid valve Pulmonary artery Ventricular septum Left vestibule Left ventricle 22. Bicuspid valve 23. Aortic arch 24. Ductus arteriosus Botalli 25. Descending aorta 26. Diaphragm 27. Thymus 28. Right lung 29. Left lung 30. Windpipe 31. Oesophagus 32. Stomach 33. Duodenum 34. Pancreas 35. Spleen 36. Kidney 37. Adrenal gland 38. Renal duct 39. Bladder 40. Womb 41. Ovary 42. Rectum

Occipital lymph nodes Superficial cervical lymph nodes Cubital lymph nodes Deep cervical lymph nodes Axillary lymph nodes Right lymphatic duct Tracheobronchial lymph nodes Hepatic lymph nodes Coeliac lymph nodes Common iliac lymph nodes Inguinal lymph nodes Parotid gland lymph nodes Submandibular lymph nodes Submental lymph nodes Jugular trunk Thoracic duct Subclavian trunk Bronchial lymph nodes Cisterna chyli Gastric lymph nodes Mesenteric lymph nodes Right venous angle Right lung Liver Gall bladder Portal vein Caecum with appendix vermiformis Bifurcation of trachea Stomach Transverse colon

Nose Nostril Nasal cavity Pharynx (nasal part) Pharynx (oral part) Pharynx (laryngeal part) Upper lip Lower lip Hard palate 9a. Uvula Mandible Teeth Tongue Oral cavity Epiglottis Larynx Thyroid cartilage of larynx Cricoid cartilage of thyroid Vocal cords Trachea Left main bronchus Bronchus Right main bronchus Left lung Right lung Rib cage Diaphragm Heart Pulmonary arteries Aortic arch Superior vena cava Bronchioles Alveoli Air sacs Pulmonary venule Pulmonary arteriole Cerebrum Cerebellum Pons Spinal cord Frontal sinus Sphenoid sinus Cervical vertebrae Pulmonary veins

Hyoid bone Larynx 2. Thyroid cartilage 3. Annular cartilage 4. Epiglottis 5. Arytenoid cartilage 6. Thyrohyoid membrane 7. Thyrohyoid muscle 8. M. cricothyroideus 9. M. arytaenoideus transversus 10. M. arytaenoideus obliquus 11. Posterior crycoarytenoid muscle 12. Laryngeal pouch 13. Superior laryngeal artery 14. Inferior thyroid vein B. Thyroid gland C. Windpipe Bifurcation of the windpipe Right principal bronchus Right vena subclavia 3a. Right subclavian artery Right common carotid artery Right vena jugularis interna Right vena brachiocephalica Trunk of brachiocephalica artery Left pulmonary artery D. Gullet E. Lung Right lung Superior lobe Middle lobe c. Inferior lobe Left lung d. Superior lobe e. Inferior lobe

Left half of the nasal cavity 18. Large anterior palatine nerve
Frontal bone with portion of frontal sinus Ramilication of the large anterior palatine Nasal bone nerve on the lower surface of the hard palate Maxilla Anterior or superficial branch Palatine bone Spheno-palatine artery and vein Sphenoid bone with sphenoid sinus Anterior nasal artery and vein Superior nasal concha Olfactory nerves, outer group Middle nasal concha Inferior nasal concha B. Right half of nasal cavity with septum Upper nasal meatus Nasal septum Middle nasal meatus Olfactory nerve, inner group Inferior nasal meatus Posterior nasal artery and vein Opening of the Eustachian tube Nasopalatine nerve Foramen of the sphenoid sinus Canal of Scarpa Foramen of naso-lacrimal canal Soft palate Olfactory tract Uvula Olfactory bulb Roof of mouth cavity Spheno-palatine ganglion Mucous lining of nasal and mouth cavity

Hyoid bone Thyroid cartilage Cricoid cartilage Epiglottis Arytenoid cartilages Thyroid Parathyroid glands

Hyoid bone Thyroid cartilage Cricoid cartilage Epiglottis Arytenoid cartilages Corniculate cartilage Trachea

Intra-pulmonary bronchi 21. Anastomosis between brachial artery
Non-cartilaginous bronchioles and pulmonary vein Respiratory bronchioles Alveolar capillary network Alveoli Anastomosis of an obstructed artery Mucous membrane and pulmonary vein Elastic fibers Dense capillary network Smooth muscle Anastomosis between pulmonary artery Pulmonary plexus and vein Mucous glands of the bronchi Fibro-cartilaginous layer Pulmonary pleura Limiting membranes Dense capillaries Collaginous fibers Elastic fibers Epithelium Bronchial vein plexus Pulmonary vein Pulmonary artery Bronchial artery

Hard palate Soft palate 2a. Uvula Genioglossus muscle Pharynx Esophagus Stomach Cardiac orifice Epigastric fossa Lesser curvature Greater curvature Gastric canal Pylorus Duodenum Longitudinal fold of the duodenum Bile duct Excretory duct of the pancreas Gall bladder Pancreas Spleen Liver Right lobe Left lobe Quadrate lobe Portal vein Hepatic artery Small intestine Jejunum Ileum Ileo-cecal valve Cecum Vermiform appendix Large intestine Ascending colon Transverse colon Descending colon Sigmoid flexure Rectum Nasal cavity Larynx

Mouth Teeth Tongue Parotid salivary gland Submandibular and sublingual salivary glands 6. Pharynx 7. Esophagus 8. Stomach 9. Liver 10. Gallbladder 11. Duodenum 12. Pancreas 13. Jejunum 14. Ileum 15. Ileocecal valve 16. Cecum 17. Ascending colon 18. Right colic flexure 19. Transverse colon 20. Left colic flexure 21. Descendingcolon 22. Sigmoid colon 23. Rectum 24. Vermiform appendix 25. Fundus of stomach 26. Longitudinal muscle layer of stomach 27. Circular muscle layer of stomach 28. Oblique muscle layer of stomach 29. Tunica serosa 30. Rugae of stomach 31. Pylorus (sphincter muscle) 32. Cystic duct 33. Hepatic duct 34. Common bile duct 35. Interior wall intestinal fold 36. Vascular network 37. Intestinal lymph drainage 38. Villi 39. Villus of small intestine 40. Lymphatic vessel 41. Arteriole 42. Venule 43. Capillary network 44. Secretory goblet cells

Central incisors 17. Crown of tooth (corona dentis)
Lateral incisors Root of tooth (Radix dentis) Canines or Cuspids Enamel First premolars (Bicuspids) Dentine Second premolars (Bicuspids) Pulp cavity First molars Pulp canal Second molars Cementum Third nolars Apical foramen Transverse palatine folds Gum Hard palate Periodontal membrane Soft palate Rim of alveolus Pharyngopalatine arch Alveolar bone Uvula Haversian canal Alveolar nerve Bone of lower jaw Alveolar artery Vein

D 10/1 lower incisor tooth D 10/2 lower canine tooth D 10/3 lower premolar tooth D 10/4 lower molar tooth with caries D 10/5 upper molar tooth 1. crown of the tooth 2. dental neck 3. prong 4. enamel 5. tooth cement 6. dentin 7. tooth pulp with veins, arteries and nerves

Stomach Small curvature Great curvature 2. Gullet 3. Cardiac orifice 4. Fundus of stomach 5. Main part of stomach 6. Pylorus 7. Ruga gastrica 8. Mucous coat of the stomach 9. Muscular coat of the stomach 10. Left artery of the stomach 11. Right artery of the stomach 12. Superior part of the duodenum

Serous tunica Subserous tela Longitudinal fibers Oblique fibers and circular layer of fibers Submucous tela Blood vessels and nerves of submucous tela Muscular mucous lamina Fundus glands Epithelium Mucous tunica Gastric foveolae Gastric areas Lymph follicles

Villus Intestinal epithelium Capillary network Venule Arteriole Crypt of Lieberkuhn Central Lacteal Lamina propria Muscle fibers Circular muscle layer Longitudinal muscle layer 10. & 11. Muscularis mucosa 12. Arteriole 13. Submucosa 14. Circular muscle layer 15. Longitudinal muscle layer 14. & 15. Muscularis externa 16. Serosa 17. Adipose tissue 18. Auerbach’s nerve plexus 19. Meissner’s nerve plexus 20. Columnar epithelium 21. Goblet cell 22. Paneth cell 23. Lymphocyte

Right lobe of the liver Left lobe of the liver Quadrate lobe Caudate lobe Fossa for the gall bladder Left liver fissure Portal fissure Round ligament of the liver Gall bladder Cystic duct Hepatic duct Bile duct Hepatic artery Portal vein Hepatic veins Branches of the left segmental cleft Median vein Branches of the ventral segmental cleft Branches of the dorsal segmental cleft Inferior caval vein

ANTERIOR ASPECT Head Body Tail Attachment of transverse mesocolon Common bile duct Principal pancreatic duct (Wirsung’s) Accessory pancreatic duct (Santorini’s) POSTERIOR ASPECT 8. Lingula (uncinate) process 9. Portal vein 10. Superior mesenteric vein 11. Inferior mesenteric vein 12. Splenic vein 13. Splenic artery 14. Superior (dorsal) pancreatic artery 15. Great pancreatic artery 16. Transverse (inferior) pancreatic artery

Body of pancreas 23. Lower extremity 45. Splenic vein
Head of pancreas Gastrolienal ligament Portal vein Tail of pancreas Inferior surface of liver Gastric artery Pancreatic duct Gall bladder Splenic artery Accessory pancreatic duct Fundus of gall bladder Renal artery Papilla major of duodenum Neck of gall bladder Renal vein Papilla minor of duodenum Cystic duct with spiral valve Renal artery Duodenum Hepatic duct Renal vein Descending portion of duodenum Common bile duct Hilus of kidney Inferior portion of duodenum Coeliac artery Right ureter Ascending portion of duodenum Gastroduodenal artery Left ureter Right suprarenal gland Pancreactico-duodenal artery Portal vein Left suprarenal gland Hepatic artery Hepatic veins Right kidney Superior mesenteric artery Hepatic ducts Left kidney Intestinal arteries Hepatic artery Spleen Middle colic artery Hilus of spleen Splenic artery Renal surface Suprarenal arteries and veins Gastric surface Portal vein Diaphragmatic surface Superior mesenteric vein Anterior margin Intestinal veins Upper extremity Middle colic vein

Kidney Adrenal gland Cortex Uterus Medulla Truncus coeliacus Renal pelvis Common hepatic artery Renal calyx Lienal artery Renal papilla Superior mesenteric artery Renal vein Inferior mesenteric artery Inferior vena cava Testicular/ovarian artery Renal artery Left testicular/ovarian vein Abdominal aorta Common iliac artery Ureter External iliac artery Urinary bladder Internal iliac artery Apex of bladder Transversus abdominis muscle Base of bladder Quadratus lumborum muscle Corps of bladder Iliacus muscle Ostium ureteris Psoas major muscle Trigone of bladder Anterosuperior Iliac spine Urethra Symphysis Prostate gland

Right kidney 22. Right kidney 43. Capillary bed
Left kidney Fibrous outside capsule Ureters Renal pelvis Bladder Major calyx Urethra Minor calyces Adrenal glands Sieve-like papillae Inferior vena cava Cortex Abdominal aorta Pyramid Iliac vein Papilla of the pyramid Iliac artery Arcuate arteries Right renal vein Interlobar arteries Left renal vein Bowman’s capsule Right renal artery Glomerulus Left renal artery Afferent arteriole Parts of the rib cage Efferent arteriole Diaphragm Proximal tubule Esophagus Descending loop Psoas major muscle Ascending loop Spinal column Loop of Henle Sigmoid colon Distal tubule Cut ends of pelvic bones Collecting tubule

Cortex Medulla Renal artery Renal vein Renal pyramid Interlobar arteries Interlobar veins Arcuate veins Minor calyx Major calyx Columns of Bertini Renal Pelvis Renal papilla Ureter Suprarenal gland Suprarenal vein Inferior suprarenal artery

Cortex of the kidney Medulla of the kidney Corpuscle of the kidney Proximal tubule Convoluted part Straight part Henle’s loop 3. Distal tubule 4. Collecting tubule 5. Papillary duct 6. Arcuate artery and vein 7. Interlobular artery and vein 8. Afferent vessel 9. Efferent vessel 10. Glomerulus Afferent vessel Glomerulus Efferent vessel Podocytes Bowman’s capsula Proximal tubule Distal tubule Cortex of the kidney Medulary substance Renal vein Renal artery Vein arciform of the kidney Artery arciform of the kidney Capillary bed Veins interlobular of the kidney Arteries interlobular of the kidney Afferent vessel 10. Ureter 11. Pelvis of ureter 12. Large renal calyx 13. Papillary foramina 14. Renal papilla 15. Papillary duct 16. Curvature part of urinary tubules 17. Henle’s loop 18. ,Curvature part of urinary tubules 19. Renal corpuscles 20. Renal pyramid 21. Small renal calices 22. Renal columns

Proximal Convoluted Tubule Descending Limb of the Loop of Henle
Renal Corpuscle Proximal Convoluted Tubule Descending Limb of the Loop of Henle Ascending Limb of the Loop of Henle Distal Convoluted Tubule Collecting Duct Afferent Arteriole Efferent Arteriole Peritubular Capillaries Vasa Recta Venule

Testis Epididymis Ductus deferens Ampulla of ductus deferens Seminal vesicle Ejaculatory duct Prostate gland Bulbourethral gland Urethra Penis Corpus cavernosum of penis Corpus spongiosum of penis Glans of penis Fossa navicularis of urethra Prepuce or foreskin of penis Scrotum Head of sperm Nucleus Vacuole Anterior head cap Posterior head cap Surface membrane Neck Body or middle piece Axial filament Mitochondria Tail Urinary bladder Colon Rectum Anus External iliac artery and vein Hypogastric artery Pubic symphysis Linea alba Sacrum Coccyx bone Cauda equina (sacral nerves) Peritoneal cavity

Testicle Posterior margin Anterior margin Superior pole Inferior pole B. Epididymis 5. Head of epididymis 6. Body of epididymis 7. Tail of epididymis 8. Lobules of epididymis 9. Canal of the epididymis C. Internal and external coat of testicle 10. Internal coat 10a. Lamina parietalis 11. Cremaster muscle 12. External coat of testicle 13. Dartos 14. External membrane 13. & 14. together form the scrotum D. Spermatic cord Levator ani muscle 15. Spermatic duct b. Dorsal artery of the penis Sphincter ani externus 16. Pampiniform plexus Prepuce Sphincter ani internus 17. Testicular artery Frenulum of the prepuce Sphincter urethrae 30. Glans Urogenital triangle E. Seminal vesicle Corona glandis Ischio-cavernosus muscle 18. Excretory duct Collum glandis Bulbo-cavernosus muscle F. Prostate H. Scrotum Femoral artery 19. Colliculus seminalis Septum scroti a. Internal epigastric artery 20. Ejaculatory duct Femoral vein 34. Pubic bone a. Inferior epigastric vein G. Penis Pubic symphysis Internal pudendal artery 21. Bulbo-urethral gland Ischium Internal pudendal vein 22. Urethra masculina Ilium Pudendal nerve Intra-bulbar fossa Rectus abdominis muscle Bladder-body Portio intermedia a. sheath of the rectus abdominis Apex of bladder Navicular fossa Linea alba Middle umbilical ligament External urethral orifice Inguinal canal Peritoneum 23. Corpora cavernosa penis Superficial inguinal ring Muscles of a vesicle Deep artery of the penis Internal abdominal ring Interureteric fold 24. Septum penis Fundiform ligament of the penis Ureteral orifice 25. Corpus spongiosum penis Obturator externus muscle Ureter 26. Bulb of the penis Obturator internus muscle 27. Fascia penis profunda Fascia obturatoria a. Deep dorsal vein of the penis Origins of the adductor muscles

Ovary Fallopian tube Fimbria of the fallopian tube Fallopian tube/uterus junction Uterus Cervix of the uterus Isthmus of the uterus Fundus of the uterus Vagina Vaginal orifice Labium minus Labium majus Clitoris Fornix of the uterus Recto-uterine pouch Mature ovum Nucleus Cytoplasm of ovum Zona pellucida Granulosal cells of corona radiata Urinary bladder Urethra Urethral orifice Colon (sigmoid) Rectum Anus External iliac artery and vein Hypogastric artery Round ligament Ovarian ligament Pubic symphysis Linea alba Saccrum Coccyx bone Cauda equina (sacral nerves) Peritoneal cavity

Labium majus pudenda 16. Ureter
Labium minus pudenda Rectum Clitoris Sphincter ani externus Hymen Sphincter ani internus Vagina Body of uterus Neck of uterus Vaginal portion (cervix) Uterine cavity Uterine tube Ovarian fimbria Ovary Ligament of the ovary Round ligament of the uterus Urinary bladder

Lymph nodes Ribs Overlying fat Lymphatic vessels Pectoralis major Pectoralis minor Serratus anterior Abdominal oblique external Intercostals Path of thoracic lymph vessels Areola Lactiferous sinus Lactiferous Suspensory ligaments Lactiferous glands Underlying connective tissue

Mature ovum 14. Embryonic vesicle 35. Allantoic diverticulum
Fertilization of ovum Implantation of vesicle Body stalk Cleavage/Four cell stage Corpus of uterus Extra embryonic coelum Morula Fundus of uterus Chorion Embryonic vesicle Myometrium of uterus Placental villi Developing embryo/21 days Cervix of uterus Developing umbilical cord Embryo/Fifth week Endometrium Forebrain area 21. Vagina Midbrain Ovary Nucleus of ovum Hindbrain Primary Oocyte Zona pellucida of ovum Eye Oocyte with corona radiata Corona radiata of ovum Developing outer ear Developing follicles Sperm cell/spermatozoon heart prominence Ovulating follicle Yolk sac Liver prominence Corpus luteum Embryonic disk Differentiating somites Corpus albicans Amnion Tail Mature discharged ovum Embryonic placenta Digital rays of hand Fimbriated end of oviduct Body of embryo Toe rays Ovum in oviduct Amnion/amnionic cavity Embryo with membranes Oviduct Developing heart Cleavage of fertile ovum Yolk sac Morula Yolk sac stalk

Development of the Human Embryo
Human Ovum Corona Radiata Zona pellucida Egg-plasma with yolk Female pronucleus Spermatozoid

Entering of the Spermatozoid Zona pellucida Fertilization membrane (Between 1 and 2 the perivitelline space). Protoplasm Female pronucleus

Formation of the Second Polocyte Chromosomes Spindle Sperm nucleus First polar body

Nuclear Copulation Female pronucleus with female chromosomes Sperm nucleus with male chromosomes Centrosome First and second polar body

Female Pronucleus moves towards the Center Female pronucleus Sperm nucleus First and second polar body

Unicellular Stage 1. First and second polar body.

Bicellular stage 1. First and second polar body

Four-cell stage 1. First and second polar body.

Sixteen-cell stage Centriole Resting nucleus First and second polar body

The human ovum with a diameter of 120 to 150 micrometers is the greatest cell of the body. In its cell nucleus of about 30 micrometers there is a big nuclear corpuscle. The body consists, for its greater part, of germinal plasma (idioplasma) and contains only little yolk as nutritive plasma (deutoplasm). The human embryo, therefore, must soon take its foodstuffs from the mother. A membrane, the area pellucida, envelops the ovum. It prevents an untimely nidation of the embryo into the mucous membrane of the uterine tube. Fine pores serve to absorb foodstuffs. Male generative cells, spermatozoa, secrete a biochemical catalyzer (hyaluronidase), by the help of which they break through the membrane. Only one male generative cell gets into an ovum to be fecundated. The intrusion of the spermatozoon is called impregnation. Then the ovum accomplishes its last maturation division. Henceforth it is called a “spermovium”(fertilized egg). Now follows the unification of the nuclei of the ovum and the male generative cell.

In the next genetic phase the fertilized macrogamete divides into 2 cells (blastomeres): The area pellucida still exists.

After 24 hours other cell divisions have taken place
After 24 hours other cell divisions have taken place. The daughter cells do not reach the size of the mother cells, so that the whole embryo is not greater than the “spermovium”.This process is called segmentation.

During the further divisions an odd number of cells may also occur, as the segmentation processes are not always synchronous.

There finally arises an association of smaller cells resembling a mulberry, and therefore called morula. The embryo gets to the uterine cavity within 7 days. The area pellucida envelops it only uncompletely.

On the 7th day liquid develops within the morula, and the cells limit a cavity (blastocele). This stage is called blastocyst, two types of cells are distinguished. The parietal cells of the blastocyst are the nutrient cells of the embryo (trophoblast). Out of the polar cell complex situated in the interior of the blastocyst (yellow) develops the embryo (embryoblast). The area pellucida has been dissolved.

The blastocyst grows by propogation of the cells and increase of the cavity. The embryoblast subdivides into ectoderm (yellow) and endoderm (red). In the further evolution its cells arrange on the surface and are called ectoderm and endoderm.

In this stage the blasticyst migrates through the uterine mucous membrane (implantation or nidation). The trophoblast cells propagate at the nidation side. The embryo is provided with foodstuffs from the maternal tissues by the release of enzymes which attack the mucous membrane (histiotroph phase). Besides blood lacunae arise in the trophoblast. Later on the embryo gets foodstuffs from the maternal blood over the trophoblast cells (hemotroph phase). The other wall of the blastocyst at first remains membrane which protrudes into the uterine cavity. The embryoblast consists of high cylindrical cells (ectoderm) and flat cubic cells (endoderm), which form together the embryonic plate. Above the ectoderm arises the amniotic cavity like a dome.

Human Germ when entering the Mucous Coat of Uterus seven days in the Beginning of Implantation Primary wall of the blastula Cavity of the blastula Primary entoderm Ectoderm of the germ plate Cavity of the amnion Trophoblast Propria of the mucous coat of the uterus Uterine epithelium

Human Embryo from the 15th Day Ectoderm of the germ plate 13. Decidua capsularis Cavity of the amnion 14. Terminal coagulum Entoderm Vitelline sac Clinging peduncle Mesenchymo Exocoel cysts Magma reticulate Trophoblast Female blood sinus Sinus like uterine vein Coil artery

Longitudinal Section through a Human Embryo from the End of the third Week Nervous plate Chorda Entoderm Mesoderm Cavity of amnion Vitelline sac Rudiment of heart Blood islands Clinging peduncle Chorionic villous

Human Embryo from the end of the first month Vitelline sac Clinging preuncle Cavity of the amnion Amnion Exocoel Decidua capsularis Decidua basilaris Villous Female blood vessels Embryonic blood vessels

The trophoblast grows with villi (chorionic villi) forward into the mucous membrane of the uterus. Between the trophoblast and the embryoblast lies a net-work of star-like branched cells, the extra embryonic mesenchyme. The embryoblast consists of 2 vesicles, the ectoderm vesicle, or amniotic cavity (yellow), and the endoderm vesicle (red), or vitelline sac. Out of the ectoderm will arise the nervous system, the sense organs and the skin, out of the endoderm the digestive system and the lungs.

On the 20th day the extra embryonic mesenchyme is partially decomposed
On the 20th day the extra embryonic mesenchyme is partially decomposed. It is preserved, in the neighborhood of the embryo, as covering mesemchyme, and at the inner edge of the trophoblast, as border mesenchyme. Between them lies the chorionic cavity. A tissue bridge, the body stalk, as primordium of the umbilical cord extends from the trophoblast to the embryonic primordium. The embryonic allantois, a protrusion of the vitelline sac, grows into the peduncle.

The body stalk displaces with the increase of the amniotic cavity towards the middle of the embryo, and becomes an abdominal peduncle. Blood vessels develop at the vitelline sac and in the abdominal peduncle. In this stage the embryo shows 4 brachial furrows which degenerate again, later on the primordia of eyes, arms, legs and at the back the primitive segments of the mesoderm, from which originate the vertebral column, muscles, blood vessels and kidneys.

In the 2nd month the amniotic cavity, it contains liquid to protect the embryo, is increased and supplants the chorionic cavity. The umbilical cord is formed by those parts of the vitelline sac that, lying outside of the embryo, are in retrogressive metamorphosis, and by the abdominal peduncle with the blood vessels. The chorionic villi grow at the trophoblast, particularly at the insertion of the umbilical cord (shaggy chorion, the primordium of the placenta). In the other sections these villi perish (smooth chorion). In the embryo the head increases by rapid growth of the primordium of the brain. The primordia of extremeties largely extend forward.

Primordium of the brain
1a. Primordium of the telencephalon 1b. Primordium of the diencephalon 1c. Primordium of the mesencephalon 1d. Primordium of the cerebellum (rhombic lips) 1e. Primordium of the rhombencephalon Primordium of the nose (olfactory pit) Primordium of the eyes (ocular cups) Primordium of the upper jaw Visceral arches 5a. Mandibular arch 5b. Hyoid arch 5c. 1st brachial arch 5d. 2nd brachial arch Primordium of the heart Primordium of the liver Upper (anterior) limb buds Lower (posterior) limb buds Primordium of vertebra ( 4th somite)

UTERUS WITH 1 MONTH EMBRYO
Vagina Uterus, cervix Uterine/ fallopian tube Fimbriae of uterine tube Ovary Broad ligament of uterus Uterus Placenta 8a. Placenta, part of the child 8b. Placenta, part of the mother Umbilical cord Embryo or fetus Fetal integument (amnion, chorion) Amnion Uterine cavity Decidua parietalis Round ligament of uterus

UTERUS WITH 4 MONTH EMBRYO IN TRANSVERSE POSITION

UTERUS WITH 5 MONTH EMBRYO IN BREECH POSITION

UTERUS WITH 5 MONTH EMBRYO IN TRANSVERSE POSITION

UTERUS WITH 5 MONTH TWIN EMBRYOS

UTERUS WITH 7 MONTH FETUS

TORSO MODEL SECTION 1 M38 – Sartorius M40 – Rectus femoris M41 – Tensor fasciae latae M42 – Adductor brevis M43 - Vasti M45 – Adductor magnus N5 – Ischiadicus nerve M44 – Semitendinosus M34 – Gluteus maximus O46 – Funiculus spermaticus V14 – Femoral vein O49 – Corpora cavernosa, penis A11 – Femoral artery O48 – Urethra O45 – Prostate S28 – Femur O47 - Anus

TORSO MODEL SECTION 2 M38 – Sartorius N6 – femoralis nerve V14 – Femoralis vein M36 – Pectineus M39 – Iliopsoas M40 – Rectus femoris M41 – Tensor fasciae latae M37 – Levator ani N5 – Ischiadicus nerve M34 – Gluteus maximus O46 – Funiculus spermaticus A11 – Femoralis artery S25 – Os pubis O45 – Prostate S28 – Femur S26 – Os ischii O44 – Rectum S27 – Os coccygis

TORSO MODEL SECTION 3 M27 – Rectus abdominis M28 – Obliquus externus abdominis M29 – Obliquus internus abdominis M30 – Transversus abdominis M31 – Psoas M32 – Iliacus M33 – Gluteus medius M34 – Gluteus maximus M35 – Multifidus O39 – Ileum O40 – Colon A10 – Common iliac artery V13 – Common iliac vein S13 – Corpus vertebrae O43 – Cauda equina S24 – Os ilium

TORSO MODEL SECTION 4 M27 – Rectus abdominis V10 – Inferior vena cava A6 – Aorta M20 – Erector spinae O38 – Jejunum O40 – Colon O42 – Pancreatic duct O34 – Pancreas O41 – Vesica fellea O37 – Duodenum O30 – Hepar O36 – Ureter O33 – Lien O35 - Ren

TORSO MODEL SECTION 5 M27 – Serratus anterior M22 – Intercostales A6 – Aorta A9 – Lienalis artery V12 – Lienalis vein M25 – Latissimus dorsi M20 – Erector spinae S20 – Costa O30 – Hepar V11 – Portae vein O31 – Gaster V10 – Inferior vena cava O32 – Diaphragm S13 – Corpus vertebrae O33 – Lien O20 – Medulla spinalis

TORSO MODEL SECTION 6 M22 – Intercostales V10 – Inferior vena cava V7 – Azygos vein A6 – Aorta M26 – Serratus anterior M20 – Erector spinae M25 – Latissimus dorsi M13 – Trapezius S19 – Sternum O31 – Gaster S20 – Costa O30 – Hepar O22 – Esophagus S13 – Corpus vertebrae O24 – Pulmo O20 – Medulla spinalis

TORSO MODEL SECTION 7 M15 – Pectoralis major M22 – Intercostales M16 – Pectoralis minor A6 – Aorta V6 – Superior vena cava N4 – Brachial plexus M17 – Deltoid M23 – Biceps V9 – Brachialis vein A8 – Brachialis artery M18 – Subscapularis M24 – Triceps M25 – Latissimus dorsi M20 – Erector spinae M19 – Infraspinatus M13 – Trapezius S19 – Sternum O27 – Ventriculus dexter S20 – Costa O29 – Atrium dexter O26 – Ventriculus sinister O28 – Atrium sinister O24 – Pulmo O22 – Esophagus S21 – Humerus S13 – Corpus vertebrae O20 – Medulla spinalis S22 - Scapula

TORSO MODEL SECTION 8 M15 – Pectoralis major M16 – Pectoralis minor V6 – Superior vena cava A6 – Aorta V8 – Axillaris vein N4 – Brachial plexus A7 – Axillaris artery V7 – Azygos vein M17 – Deltoid M18 – Subscapularis M20 – Erector spinae M19 – Infraspinatus M21 – Rhomboid M13 – Trapezius S19 – Sternum O24 – Pulmo S20 – Costa O25 – Bifurcation of trachea O22 – Esophagus S21 – Humerus S13 – Corpus vertebrae O20 – Medulla spinalis S22 - Scapula

TORSO MODEL SECTION 9 V5 – Anterior jugularis M7 – Sternocleidomastoid muscle V1 – Internal jugularis A5 – Common carotid M14 – Scaleni M13 – Trapezius M10 – Transversospinalis M11 – Semispinalis capitis M12 – Splenius capitis O23 – Thyroid gland O21 – trachea O22 – Esophagus S13 – Corpus vertebrae O24 – Pulmo O20 – Medulla spinalis

TORSO MODEL SECTION 10 V5 – Anterior jugularis M7 – Sternocleidomastoid muscle V1 – Internal jugularis A5 – Common carotid artery N3 – Superior cervical ganglion A4 – Vertebralis M14 – Scaleni M10 – Transversospinalis M11 – Semispinalis capitis M12 – Splenius capitis M13 – Trapezius O21 – Trachea O23 – Thyroid gland O22 – Esophagus S14 – Foramen costotransversarium S13 – Corpus vertebrae O20 – Medulla spinalis

TORSO MODEL SECTION 11 V5 – Anterior jugularis M7 – Sternocleidomastoid V1 – Internal jugularis A5 – Common carotid artery M8 – Longus colli M9 – Levator scapulae M10 – Transversospinalis M11 – Semispinalis capitis M12 – Splenius capitis M13 – Trapezius O17 – Plica vocalis O16 – Rima vestibuli S17 – Thyroid cartilage S18 – Arytenoid cartilage O18 – Pharynx (pars laryngea) S13 – Corpus vertebrae O19 – Cavum subarachnoidale S15 – Transverse process O20 – Medulla spinalis S16 – Spinous process

TORSO MODEL SECTION 12 M4 – Masseter M5 – Medial pterygoid muscle M6 – Longus capitis A2 – Internal carotid artery A3 – Basilaris artery V1 – Internal jugularis A4 – Vertebralis artery V4 – Superior jugularis V2 – Sinus transversus S8 – Mandibula + Dentes O13 – Lingua S9 – Ramus of mandibula O14 – Pharynx (pars oralis) S10 – Atlas S11 – Occipital condyles O15 – Medulla oblongata S12 – Mastoid process O10 – Cerebellum S7 – Os occipitate

TORSO MODEL SECTION 13 A1 – Facial artery M4 – Masseter N2 – Maxillaris nerve M6 – Longus capitis A2 – Internal carotid artery V1 – Internal jugularis vein A3 – Basilaris artery V2 – Sinus transversus V3 – Sinus sagittalis superior O6 – Labium oris O7 – Palatum durum + Processus alveolaris S3 – Maxilla S4 – Inferior nasal concha S5 – Nasal septum O8 – Pharynx (pars nasalis) S6 – Mandibular condylar process O9 – External auditory meatus O10 – cerebellum O11 – Ventriculus quartus S7 – Os occipitale O12 – Tentorium cerebelli O5 – Falx cerebri

TORSO MODEL SECTION 14 M1 – Rectus medialis N1 – Optical nerve M2 – Rectus lateralis M3 – Temporalis S1 – Ethmoid sinus O1 – Bulbus oculi O2 – cerebrum O3 – Ventriculus tertius O4 – Choroid plexus S2 – Os parietale O5 – Falx cerebri

Keys to 2402 Models Photographs and Keys by Jeff Beck

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Keys to 2402 Models Photographs and Keys by Jeff Beck

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