1. OMG - Model Driven Architectures
MDA - Introduction
2002, Anders W. Tell, Financial Toolsmiths AB , Open ebXML Laboratory

2. Agenda Maps Transformation chain Disadvantages and Advantages Use Case
1. Business Modeling
2. Formalization
3. Adding technologies
4. Source code
5. Components and Deployment
Disadvantages and Advantages
Use Case
2002, Anders W. Tell, Financial Toolsmiths AB , Open ebXML Laboratory

3. OMG – Object Management Group
MDA started to apper in
Based on UML
Practical experiences
Best practices
Tools vendors are adding support for MDA
2002, Anders W. Tell, Financial Toolsmiths AB , Open ebXML Laboratory

4. MDA and Perspectives
2002, Anders W. Tell, Financial Toolsmiths AB , Open ebXML Laboratory

5. Map
2002, Anders W. Tell, Financial Toolsmiths AB , Open ebXML Laboratory

6. Map 2 (printing)
2002, Anders W. Tell, Financial Toolsmiths AB , Open ebXML Laboratory

7. Transformation Chain
Business and IT-perspective meet each other in PIM to/from PSM mapping
2002, Anders W. Tell, Financial Toolsmiths AB , Open ebXML Laboratory

8. 1. Business Modeling
Modeling from the business perspective using business artifacts
Values chains and process, Balanced Scorecards, Business Objects, Organization and roles,...
Business requirement
Actors: Domain expert, process owner, business architect, datamodeler, ...
Semantics captured ...
as structured or free-form descriptions
with or without specific metamodel
(often) in textual documents such as MS Word
Forms may also be used
Sometimes supported by tools
Vendor specific semantics (metamodel) and notation
Often little support for next step towards building software
Usually NOT interpretable by software applications and tools
UML or other descriptions may be exported or generated
2002, Anders W. Tell, Financial Toolsmiths AB , Open ebXML Laboratory

9. Example: Business Modeling
UN/CEFACT Business Process Worksheet (BPWS)
Simplified view of UN/CEFACT’s metamodel called UMM (which is a UML profile)
Easy to automatically generate UML model
2002, Anders W. Tell, Financial Toolsmiths AB , Open ebXML Laboratory

10. 2. Formalization using UML
Adds structure and formality
Correctness, Precision, Conciseness, Consistency, Understandability
UML is standardized by Object Management Group (OMG)
UML has well defined Metamodel and Notation
UML supports portability between tools and applicaions
Models are described as Platform Independent (PIM)
Actors: Data modeler, modeling experts, ...
Interpretable by software applications
Possible to build automated tools
Consistency
Fewer errors
Metamodeling API available in Java (JMI)
Management and storage in metadata repositories such as Meta Object Facility, UDDI and ebXML Registry and Repository
Possible to apply patterns extracted from best practices techniques
Reuse of Core Components and Patterns is possible
Could be used as corporate memory in a historical perspective
2002, Anders W. Tell, Financial Toolsmiths AB , Open ebXML Laboratory

11. Example: Platform Independent Model (PIM)
May be described in one or more class diagrams containing classes and objects
2002, Anders W. Tell, Financial Toolsmiths AB , Open ebXML Laboratory

12. Example: Formalized ER Modeling
Product: Visible Analyst Corporate
This tool uses a vendor specific Metamodel, (which probably is not UML or CWM)
2002, Anders W. Tell, Financial Toolsmiths AB , Open ebXML Laboratory

13. 3. Adding technologies
Adding technology and product specifcc features to PIM creates Platform Specific Model (PSM)
Involves no changes to semantics
Shields enterprise wide information models from technology
Actors: IT-Architect,System Architect, Datawarehouse modeler, Software Developer
Not as simple as it appears...
Few tools support this step
Database modeling tools lead the way for historical reasons
Considerations include...
Technology and Product utilization
Performance
Standards and specification conformance
Mappings and Technologies
Standardized mappings exist that uses patterns and best practices principles
There exists many mapping/productions rules that translates UML to XML
UML - > EJB mapping found here: <
2002, Anders W. Tell, Financial Toolsmiths AB , Open ebXML Laboratory

14. Business vs Technology
This step is often skipped and requirements are sent to the IT department in the form of a requirement documents.
The IT department then builds or adapts the business systems according to their own view of what should be done.
After some time the business teams starts to ask questions such as where are our systems, why does it cost so much ?
Resulting in that both parties are dissatisfied
Poor communication
Business values not translated into technical view
Technical values not translated to business view
Parties need to teach other their value system
MDA offers one missing link
2002, Anders W. Tell, Financial Toolsmiths AB , Open ebXML Laboratory

15. Example: Platform Specific Model (PSM)
UML model of UBL’s Order XML document (UBL = OASIS Universal Business Language)
2002, Anders W. Tell, Financial Toolsmiths AB , Open ebXML Laboratory

16. Example PSM: Enterprise Java Beans
Example from UML profile for EJB, JCP 026
2002, Anders W. Tell, Financial Toolsmiths AB , Open ebXML Laboratory

17. 4. Production of source files
More integrated software development environments support modeling
UML predominant
Source code generation and reverse engineering are integrated in IDE’s with editing, compilation, testing and running of applications
Actors: Developers, Release engineers,...
Different types of source files are automatically generated
Saves time
Consistency
Fewer errors
Reverse engineering the first time is usually not easy
2002, Anders W. Tell, Financial Toolsmiths AB , Open ebXML Laboratory

18. Example: Source file: W3C XML Schema
Example from HyperModel Application
2002, Anders W. Tell, Financial Toolsmiths AB , Open ebXML Laboratory

19. T-Architecture
T-Architectural parts related to with PIM and PSM models
2002, Anders W. Tell, Financial Toolsmiths AB , Open ebXML Laboratory

20. 5. Components and Deployment
The produced source files are compiled into binaries which are tested before put into production. The binaries are then assembled into components ready to be deployed into a production environment
Actors: System administration, support
Application server vendors usually supply distributed deployment applications
Deployment considerations include
Fault tolerance
Performance
Resource utilization and Load balancing
Security
2002, Anders W. Tell, Financial Toolsmiths AB , Open ebXML Laboratory

21. Example: Deployment Example from BEA WebLogic System administration,
Webbased deployment
2002, Anders W. Tell, Financial Toolsmiths AB , Open ebXML Laboratory

22. Disadvantages
Involves a learning effort from both business and IT professionals
Requires business - IT cooperation incentives
Initially means increased costs
Perceived as complex
Currently few tools handle the whole chain
Introduces a new notation (pictures and diagrams)
2002, Anders W. Tell, Financial Toolsmiths AB , Open ebXML Laboratory

23. Advantages
Links various views of business systems into a transformation chain
Supports ”Separation of concerns” principle
Business – IT, Abstract – concrete, Generic aspect - technology
Shared metamodeling
Encourages tool building
Supports automated code generation
Less training
Standard mappings on different levels
Possible to develop patterns of best practices
Portability between tools and applications
Business artifacts change slower than technology
Easier to handle new technologies, faster time to technology
Integration across computing platforms
Corba, J2EE, .NET,...
Management through metadata respositories
Long term cost effectivness
Supports higher levels of organizational maturity (capability maturity model)
Easier to handle mergers of organizations
2002, Anders W. Tell, Financial Toolsmiths AB , Open ebXML Laboratory

24. Use Case
Company LMN has after careful considerations decided to join a course and conference marketplace in order to increase its business opportunities
The marketplace International Courses and Conferations (IC2) uses RosettaNet to interact with its members
In order to adapt and prepare LMN’s internal business systems an analysis and modeling project is performed.
2002, Anders W. Tell, Financial Toolsmiths AB , Open ebXML Laboratory

25. Reverse engineer Messages and their Business Documents
Map and translate RosettaNet XML Schemas documents that describe relevant RosettaNet Messages into UML model
Preferably performed using automated tool
Add XML features not present in XML Schema
Probably done manually
XML Schemas, in general, does not capture all semantics
The resulting PSM Model is stored in an enterprise wide Registry and Repository
2002, Anders W. Tell, Financial Toolsmiths AB , Open ebXML Laboratory

26. Strip technology specific features
Remove XML specific features
Add RosettaNet specific features
According to RosettaNet specifications
Interpret and translate names
Preferably performed using automated tool
The resulting PIM Model(s) are stored in an enterprise wide Registry and Repository
2002, Anders W. Tell, Financial Toolsmiths AB , Open ebXML Laboratory

27. RosettaNet meets Enterprise Informations Model and Core Components
The model of RosettaNet Messages (M) and Business Document (BD) are compared with the enterprise wide information models and available information building blocks (core components)
The M’s and BD’s are mapped to existing models
The model of M’s and BD’s are merged with existing models
Often complex mappings that involves difficult business decisions !
May result in rebuilding of existing business systems
2002, Anders W. Tell, Financial Toolsmiths AB , Open ebXML Laboratory

28. Storage of Messages and Business Documents
Fact: Received and Sent mesages and business document must be stored persistently, according to legal requirements, for a number of years
Fact: The Company LMN is using OMG’s Common Warehouse Metmodel (CWM) as its metamodel for databases, such operational datastores, datamarts and datawarehouse.
Whole or parts of messags and business documents model elements are translated into relational database artifacts
Object to Relational database mapping techniques may be used
Involves considerations such as; what is Masterdata and what is transactional information.
Indexes and other parts are added for performance purposes
2002, Anders W. Tell, Financial Toolsmiths AB , Open ebXML Laboratory

29. Database management New or changed SQL Data Definitions are generated
The SQL DDL statemanets are injected into one or more databases such as Oracle.
Final configuration and performance tuning are performed
2002, Anders W. Tell, Financial Toolsmiths AB , Open ebXML Laboratory

30. Example: SQL Mapping http://www.visible.com/ Product: Analyst
2002, Anders W. Tell, Financial Toolsmiths AB , Open ebXML Laboratory

31. Q & A
2002, Anders W. Tell, Financial Toolsmiths AB , Open ebXML Laboratory