1. Topic 5 Designing learning and assessment materials

2. Students’ learning Receptive Vs productive learning
 use language (talk, write)
listen, read
Receptive Vs productive learning
Teach the language of science
Language support (graphics, language use)  Information transfer activities
Language support  gradual release of scaffolding

3. Information transfer activities
Process Explanation
Information Report

4. Activity 1 (Graphic  Text)
Knowledge structures: cause-effect
Graphics: pictures, diagrams (actions); tables (results)
Language: when-clause [When we add xxx to yyy, the yyy changes to / turns (colour).]
Gradual release of scaffolding:
a sample sentence with the when-clause  the when-clause given  the independent clause given  only the word ‘when’ given  full writing
table aligning graphic and language (information transfer)
cause-effect relationship given
‘the’ red litmus paper
16 times: same form different meaning  thinking

5. Activity 2 (Graphic  Text)
Knowledge structures: cause-effect, sequence
Text structure: process explanation
Graphic: flow chart, diagram
Version 1: Content obligatory vocabulary; content words
Problem: Students can simply copy words from the graphics
Version 2: The language of cause-effect (when, verbs, connectives); almost full 2nd paragraph
Language support & gradual release: All content words given; students only write the language of cause-effect  students write an almost full paragraph based on a sample
Principle: focus on (content obligatory) language (e.g., the language of cause-effect), not just (content obligatory) vocabulary

6. Activity 3 (Text  Graphic  Text)
Aerobic respiration
Anaerobic respiration
Oxygen supply
Requires ____________
Does not require ______________
Condition under which it takes place
When there is enough _________ supply.
When you need more ___________ but have less _____________ supply than you need.
Amount of energy produced
 ________ energy
Products

7. Activity 3 (Text  Graphic  Text)
Aerobic respiration
Anaerobic respiration
Oxygen supply
Requires ____________
Does not require ______________
Condition under which it takes place
When there is enough _________ supply.
When you need more ___________ but have less _____________ supply than you need.
Amount of energy produced
 ________ energy
Products
Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy (more)
Carbon Dioxide + Lactic Acid (Ethanol) + Energy (less)

8. Activity 3 (Text  Graphic  Text)
The language of comparison: negation; contrast conjunction; parallelism; comparative; adjective
Activity 3 (Text  Graphic  Text)
Statement of comparison: Both aerobic and anaerobic respiration take place in humans. Aerobic respiration requires___________ but ____________________________ does not. Points of comparison: Aerobic respiration takes place when ________________________________________ while anaerobic respiration takes place when ___________________________________________. Aerobic respiration produces ____________________________but anaerobic respiration produces ________________________. The products of _________________________ are whereas ____________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________. Summary of comparison: Aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration in humans take place in different conditions and produce _____________ products according to the needs of the situations.

9. Assessment Assessment of the language of science: wash-back effect
Learning activities = assessment activities
(assessment of, for, as learning)
2 ways:
One mark for content-language
One mark for content + one mark for language
% of exam/test papers
Which part of the exam/test papers
Other issues?