1. The Scientific Method Science Scientific Method
1a. A way of exploring the natural world in a systematic (orderly) way.
2a. The process of systematic exploration.

2. The Scientific Method 3. Scientific Method Procedures
3a. Observing and asking questions.
3b. Forming hypotheses
3c. Conducting controlled experiments
3d. Collecting and analyzing data
3e. Drawing conclusions

3. The Scientific Method 4. Observation
4a.How a scientific investigation begins.
Example: Students who study seem to have better test scores.

4. The Scientific Method 5. Hypothesis
5a. A scientific explanation for observations.
5b. It must be testable.
5c. It can be accepted or rejected
Example: If students study at least 3 nights a week, then they will have better test scores.

5. The Scientific Method 7. Controlled Experiment.
7a. A hypothesis should be tested by changing only one variable.
7b. All other variables should be kept unchanged, or controlled.

6. The Scientific Method 8. Independent Variable (IV)
8a. Aka manipulated variable.
8b. The variable that is deliberately changed
Example: The amount of time a student studies.

7. The Scientific Method 9. Dependent Variable (DV)
9a. The variable that is observed.
9b. It changes in response to the independent variable.
Example: The students test scores.

8. Practice 1
-Observation: Chocolate may cause a sick stomach. -Independent Variable: -Dependent Variable: -Hypothesis:

9. Practice 2
Observation: Bacterial growth may be affected by temperature.
Independent Variable:
Dependent Variable:
Hypothesis:

10. The Scientific Method (part 2)
10. Experimental Group (EG) 11. Control Group (CG)
10a. Part of an experiment where only one variable is changed
11a. Part of an experiment that is not changed at all.
11b. Used for comparison

11. Practice 3
Experimental Question: What is the effect of boiling water on the growth rate of plants? Experimental Group:___________________________ Control Group: _______________________________ IV: _________________________________________ DV:_________________________________________ Hypothesis: __________________________________ ____________________________________________

12. Graphs and Tables
Line
Graphs
(continued)
1d. When multiple factors are involved, they can both be plotted on the same graph using more than one line.

13. Practice 1
Referring to the multiple line graph above, identify the IV and the DV.
IV:________________________________________
DV________________________________________
What is the best prediction of the solubility of salt W at 100°C?
______________________________________________

14. Graphs and Tables 2. Bar Graphs
2a. Good for comparing data about similar things.

15. Practice 2
Referring to the bar graph above, describe how the presence of fungus generally affects the growth of the trees.___________________________________________
________________________________________________
Which tree shows the greatest difference in growth if the fungus is present?______________________

16. Graphs and Tables 3. Tables 3a. Also called a chart
3b. Useful for organizing and presenting numerical data.