1. Ms. Rosendo 10th Grade / Biology
Cellular Respiration
Ms. Rosendo
10th Grade / Biology

2. Objectives Describe the cellular respiration reaction in detail.
Mention the molecules involved in the reaction process.
Establish the importance of the process.
Identify the relation between this process and photosynthesis.

3. Cellular Respiration
Have you ever wondered why exactly you need to breathe?  What happens when you stop breathing?

4. Cellular respiration is the set of the metabolic reactions and processes that take place in the cells of organisms to convert biochemical energy from nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and then release waste products.
Mitochondria!

6. Cellular respiration is a mirror image of the photosynthesis process.

7. Heterotrophs  Autotrophs  How are they connected?
making energy & organic molecules from ingesting organic molecules
glucose + oxygen  carbon + water + energy
dioxide
C6H12O6
6O2
6CO2
6H2O
ATP  +
oxidation = exergonic
Autotrophs
Where’s the ATP?
making energy & organic molecules from light energy
So, in effect, photosynthesis is respiration run backwards powered by light.
Cellular Respiration
oxidize C6H12O6  CO2 & produce H2O
fall of electrons downhill to O2
exergonic
Photosynthesis
reduce CO2  C6H12O6 & produce O2
boost electrons uphill by splitting H2O
endergonic
+ water + energy  glucose + oxygen
carbon
dioxide
6CO2
6H2O
C6H12O6
6O2
light
energy  +
reduction = endergonic

8. O2 or no O2
Aerobic Respiration: requires oxygen (air) (breathing) Anaerobic Respiration: does not need oxygen (no air) (breathing)

9. Anaerobic = without oxygen, in cytosol
AEROBIC = with oxygen, occurs in the presence of oxygen -  in mitochondira
Without oxygen, another path is taken ....this path is called fermentation,  or 
Anaerobic = without oxygen, in cytosol

10. Equation for Cellular Respiration: oxidation & reduction
REDOX reactions in respiration
release energy as breakdown organic molecules
break C-C bonds
strip off electrons from C-H bonds by removing H atoms
C6H12O6  CO2 = the fuel has been oxidized
electrons attracted to more electronegative atoms
in biology, the most electronegative atom?
O2  H2O = oxygen has been reduced
couple REDOX reactions & use the released energy to synthesize ATP
*Need mitochondria and enzymes to make this happen!
O2 is 2 oxygen atoms both looking for electrons
LIGHT FIRE ==> oxidation
RELEASING ENERGY
But too fast for a biological system
C6H12O6
6O2
6CO2
6H2O
36ATP  +
oxidation
reduction
or 38

11. General Reaction

12. Homework
What is the function of cellular respiration?

13. 2. Kreb's Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle) 3. Electron Transport Chain
There are three stages
1.  Glycolysis
2.  Kreb's Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)
3.  Electron Transport Chain
anaerobic
aerobic
aerobic

14. NAD+ Cycle

15. Cellular Respiration Phases

20. Preparatory Reaction

25. Fermentation

26. What happens if you don’t get enough oxygen?
Fermentation: use of pyruvate to make minimal ATP when there is no O2 = anaerobic
This happens when the Krebs cycle cannot occur due to lack of oxygen
By products of fermentation include lactic acid and alcohol
Lactic Acid in muscle cells can cause muscle cramps.

27. Fermentation
This happens when the Krebs cycle cannot occur due to lack of oxygen
Byproducts of fermentation include lactic acid and alcohol
Lactic Acid in muscle cells can cause muscle cramps.

28. Two Types:
Lactic Acid Fermentation: in animals, turns pyruvate into lactic acid
Alcoholic Fermentation: in yeast and bacteria, turns pyruvate into ethyl alcohol

29. Lactic Acid
Fermentation
Alcoholic
Fermentation

30. Fermentation Applications of fermentation
This happens when the Krebs cycle cannot occur due to lack of oxygen
Byproducts of fermentation include lactic acid and alcohol
Lactic Acid in muscle cells can cause muscle cramps.
Applications of fermentation
Fermentation is used in making food products and alcohol products.