1. Convection, Radiation, and Conduction
6.P.3A.5 and 6.P.3A.6
Convection, Radiation, and Conduction

2. Energy Transfer Heat energy can transfer in the three ways: Conduction
Convection
Radiation

3. Conduction
Conduction is the transfer of thermal energy through direct contact.
The transfer of energy as heat occurs between particles as they collide within a substance or between two objects in contact.
All materials do not conduct heat energy equally.

4. Conduction Poor conductors of heat are called insulators.
For example, if a plastic spoon and a metal spoon are placed into a hot liquid, the handle of the metal spoon will get hot quicker than the handle of the plastic spoon because the heat is conducted through the metal spoon better than through the plastic spoon.
The energy transfers from an area of higher temperature to an area of lower temperature.

5. Convection
Convection is the transfer of energy as heat by movement of the heated substance itself, as currents in fluids (liquids and gases).
In convection, particles with higher energy move from one location to another carrying their energy with them.

6. Convection
Heat transfer occurs when particles with higher energy move from warmer to cooler parts of the fluid.
Uneven heating can result in convection, both in the air and in water. This causes currents in the atmosphere (wind) and in bodies of water on earth which are important factors in weather and climate.

7. Radiation
Radiation is the transfer of energy through space without particles of matter colliding or moving to transfer the energy.
This radiated energy warms an object when it is absorbed.
Radiant heat energy moves from an area of higher temperature to an area of cooler temperature.

8. Heat Transfers
Various individual materials and/or combinations of materials affect how quickly heat transfers by conduction, convection, or radiation.
Conductors
Insulators

9. Conductors
Conductors are materials that easily carry heat or electric current.
Glass and metals are good conductors of heat. When a metal pan is placed on a heat source, it will quickly get hot and conduct the heat to whatever is inside of the pot.

10. Insulators
Insulators are materials that are poor carriers of heat or electric current.
Wood and animal fat (blubber) are good insulators; they do not conduct heat very well.
A polar bear swims in freezing water but the bear does not freeze to death like a human would. The bear’s thick layer of fat insulates the bear and traps heat inside of the bear’s body.

11. Conducting Heat
Things that can be tested to determine how well they each conduct heat by conduction convection and/or radiation
Water
Metal
Glass
Wood
Plastic
Air
Reflective substances
Non-reflective substances