1. Theme: Women
Ryan Martin

2. Republican Motherhood
-Existed during the revolution, pre-revolution, and post-revolution eras. However, it was most emphasized during the post era.
-Idea that a woman's role was in the house; to raise children with “republican” ideals.
-This ideal brought out education for women, however this was not for their own benefit. Educated women were expected to lead the new generation and instill morals.
-Despite these intentions, the concept of Republican Motherhood was an important step for gender equality. It offered women the chance to become educated, along with that “Republican mothers” were allowed to participate in civic activities to some extent.

3. Important Women Reformers-Republican Motherhood
Judith Sargent Murray
-Born on May 1, 1751.
-Found the typical chores given to women not to be intellectually stimulating.
-Wrote a multitude of plays, poems, essays, and books on gender
equality.
-Strongly believed in improved educational opportunities for women.
-Believed that the 18th century idea of “women inferiority” stemmed
not from biological differences, but from women being raised unequally
than men.

4. Cult of Domesticity
-Ideal formed in the 19th century(primarily )
-Designed to limit the influence of women to only the home and family.
-Saw women as simply wives and mothers.
-Women were expected to display Piety, Purity, Submissiveness, and Domesticity in their relations. These are known as the 4 principles of the Cult of Domesticity(also known as Cult of True Womanhood.)
-Focused on women from white, middle-to-upper class families.
-It was argued that women were biologically inferior, making them unfit to participate in politics or other related activities.
-Women would take on the responsibilities of housekeeping, raising moral children, and keeping the home a happy and virtuous place in return for security and protection from her husband.

5. Second Great Awakening
-Started in the 1790’s, but thrived and expanded during the 1830’s.
-Massive religious revival which led to a larger number of Baptists and Evangelical Methodists.
-Brought out social reforms; notably temperance, abolition, and women’s rights.
-Challenged traditional gender roles.
-Influenced the creation of the Seneca Falls Convention.
-Gave birth to new ideas and reform movements.

6. Seneca Falls Convention
-Organized by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott.
-Meeting held by women to discuss gender equality.
-Displayed the “Declaration of Sentiments,” a Declaration of Independence-influenced document that listed the issues of gender inequality and the wrongs that men have done on women.
-11 “resolutions” were also written; legislations to guide the nation towards gender equality. All were passed at the convention except for Women’s Suffrage.
-A crowd of 300 attended the event, 40 of which were men.

7. Important Women Reformers- Seneca Falls Convention
Elizabeth Cady Stanton( )
-Wrote the “Declaration of Sentiments” and “11 Resolutions.” -Helped form and lead the National Woman Suffrage Association.
-Worked with Lucretia Mott, Martha C. Wright, Jane Hunt, and Mary Ann M’Clintock to organize the Seneca Falls Convention.
Lucretia Mott( )
-Quaker Minister
-Published influential book Discourse On Woman in 1850.
-Helped organize the Seneca Falls Convention
-In 1867 she helped to form the Free Religious Association.

8. 20th Century Women
-The 1900’s brought out significant advancements towards gender equality.
-New legislations aided the women’s rights movement. This includes the 19th Amendment(1920) that allowed for Women’s Suffrage.
-The Equal Rights amendment was introduced, however it will never be ratified
-In 1928, the first U.S. women competed in the Olympics. A few years later, in 1932, Amelia Earhart would be the first woman to to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean
-In 1933, Eleanor Roosevelt would hold a press conference that only allowed female journalists to attend.
-Additional legislation includes: Civil Rights Act, Title IX, a ban on workplace sexual harassment, and the Equal Pay Act.

9. Other Important Women
-Anne Hutchinson- Banned from the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1637 due to her continued and controversial support of women’s rights.
-Abigail Adams: One of the earliest women’s rights supporters. Urged husband John Adams to make men and women equal in the Declaration of Independence
-Susan B. Anthony: Influential Second Great Awakening activist. She focused on temperance, abolition, and women’s rights.
-Dorothea Dix: Born from the 2nd Great Awakening, she pushed for mental health and prison reform. She was very influential and successful.
-Alice Paul: Extremely influential women’s rights activist. Organized the largest parade to occur in Washington D.C. on March , it included over 8,000 women and women’s rights supporters.
-Margaret Sanger: Strong supporter of birth control. She would eventually have a birth control clinic that would be shut down in the early 20th century.

10. U.S. Women’s Timeline 1600-1800:1637- Anne Hutchenson banned from
Massachusetts Bay Colony
1692- Salem Witch Trials
1789- Abigail Adams asks John Adams to include women in Declaration of Independance.
1792- Sarah Pierce establishes first women’s higher education institution in Litchfield, CT. :
1848- Seneca Falls Convention
1866- Young Woman’s Christian Association is founded in Boston.
1869- Wyoming grants women the right to vote in all elections
1903-Women’s Trade Union League founded
th Amendment Passed(Woman’s Suffrage)
1920- League of Women Voters founded
1932- Amelia Earnhart flies across Atlantic Ocean.
1942- Women’s services formed by Army, Navy, Coast Guard, and Marine Corps.
1963- Equal Pay Act
1963- Feminine Mystique by Betty Friedan is published and influences contemporary feminist movement
1964- Civil Rights Act
1972- Title IX passed
1973- Roe v. Wade overturns state laws restricting abortion
1993-Supreme court rules that workplace sexual harassment is illegal