1. Enlightened Absolutism
Application to 16-17

2. Quiz!! 1. Give an example of a natural law and natural right.
2. The United Kingdom is a combination of what nations, and which family group began to dominate them?
3. Frederick William of Prussia controlled which group by linking them with the military and a code of sacrifice?
4. Did Frederick II’s dad encourage his education of the enlightenment?
5. Who was Maria Theresa’s liberal successor that failed in Austria?
6. Which group did Catherine the Great favor in her reforms?
7. When the peasantry did not receive help from their Russian leader who led a revolt killing over 1500 people?

3. Q1 Natural Laws: Natural Rights: Enlightened Absolutism:
Laws of nature like gravity, motion, inertia etc. (scientific laws)
Natural Rights:
Laws of society like life, liberty, property, religion, press etc.
Enlightened Absolutism:
Absolute monarchs that emerged after the Enlightenment period of the 18th century
Tried to reform society to protect natural rights but were in large a failure : (
Examples could include Joseph, Catherine, Frederick II

4. Q2 the UK
The United Kingdom is a combination of England and Scotland (sometimes used synonymously with British)
When the Stuart line came to an end it was replaced by a German line (Hanoverians)
George I, II, III: Since they were not familiar with the country allowed ministers to run parliament
Parliament had been controlled by bribery and patronage and controlled by the landowning aristocracy (nobles)

5. Georges’ George I had called William Pitt Sr.
Won 7 years war, expanded empire
George III dismisses Pitt and angers the people
Loss of the American colonies
Replaced the favored Pitt with Lord Butte
Loss of the War of 1812
Temporary bouts of insanity
To appease the people he appoints William Pitt the Younger as Prime Minister

6. Q3 Frederick William
Frederick William I was leader of Prussia (modern Germany)
“one must serve the king with life and limb, with goods and chattels, with honor and conscience, and surrender everything but salvation”
Controlled the military and placed nobles (Junkers) in the military as officers to gain loyalty
By doing this he controlled political bureaucracy

7. Q4 Frederick II (Great) Well educated despite his father (Doc546)
Enlightened Absolutist?
Laws that did away with torture and gave freedom of speech
Limited freedom of press and religion
Too dependent on nobles to help the serfs (Slaves)
Made it so peasants could not rise in society politically
Military man to outdo his dad (to be cont. )

8. Q5 In Austria the Ruler was . . . A woman?!?
Maria Theresa: Strong ruler, Strong military, strong catholic, strong control over bureaucracy
Son Joseph II: Wanted to promote the Habsberg dynasty but felt compelled to do so with natural rights
“I have made philosophy my lawmaker”
NO serfs
Equality before the law
Religious toleration
11,000 laws
Alienated nobles, church, regulars (language)
“here lies Joseph who was unfortunate in all he undertook”

9. Q 6 Catherine the Great (Doc. 547) German wife of Peter III
Enlightened Absolutist?
Had husband killed to gain power by nobles
Assembly to make equal laws, toleration, etc. rejected by nobles
Nobles had special privileges
Serfs lives got worse
Emelyn Pugachev revolts led to more problems for poor

10. War! what is it good for
Philosophes condemned war claiming it was a “foolish waste of life and resources”
Balance of Power: Nations wanted to grow to insure that others did not become too powerful
A build up of arms to protect oneself was important to absolutists

11. War of Austrian Succession (1740-1748)
Habsburg emperor Charles VI died with no male heir
Pragmatic Sanction claimed that all surrounding nations would respect his daughter (Maria Theresa) as the next Austrian ruler
Frederick II invades Silesia and France joins Prussia
Maria Theresa gets help from Britain
Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle says all need to give territory back

12. Seven Years war ( )
Strained relationships caused new alliances
France joins Austria with Russia
Prussia and Britain join forces
In Europe:
Prussians led by Frederick II won a decisive victory at the Battle of Rossbach but then were worn down
Tsarina Elizabeth dies and her nephew Peter III is made Czar of Russia (friend of Frederick II so pulls Russia out)
Peace of Hubertusburg ends fighting and gives Prussia Silesia

13. Seven years Cont.
In India: Britain and France both pit different Indian rulers against the other and ultimately Britain wins
French and Indian War: Fought over the Ohio River Valley
Poor George Washington gets involved with Tanacharison at Jumonville Glen
French up in the beginning
Britain, under Pitt Sr., comes back for the win at Quebec
Gain Canada and Mississippi river territories under Treaty of Paris

14. Economic and Social change
Growth in Population
Child Care
Marriage and Birthrates
Agricultural Revolution
Methods in Finance
Cottage Industry-New Machines
Peasants
Village-Diet of Peasants
Nobility
Aristocratic Way of Life (Country House)
Aristocratic Way of Life (Grand Tour)
Towns and Cities
Poverty