4. Bacteria on us oh no

5. The inner life of the cell
Full narrated version

6. Objective 1.2 Ultrastructure of cells
Understanding (Statement objectives)
Prokaryotes have a simple cell structure without compartments.
Eukaryotes have a compartmentalized cell structure.
Prokaryotes divide by binary fission.
Electron microscopes have a much higher resolution than light microscopes.
Applications
Describe the structure and function of organelles within exocrine gland cells of the pancreas.
Describe the structure and function of the organelles within palisade mesophyll of the leaf.
Nature of science
Developments in scientific research follow improvements in apparatus: Describe how the invention of electron microscopes led to greater understanding of cell structure.
Skills
Draw and label a diagram of the ultrastructure of prokaryotic cells based on electron micrographs.
Drawings of prokaryotic cells should show the cell wall, pili and flagella, and plasma membrane enclosing cytoplasm that contains 70S ribosomes and a nucleoid with naked DNA.
Draw and label a diagram of the ultrastructure of eukaryotic cells based on electron micrographs.
Drawings of eukaryotic cells should show a plasma membrane enclosing cytoplasm that contains 80S ribosomes and a nucleus, mitochondria and other membrane-bound organelles are present in the cytoplasm. Some eukaryotic cells have a cell wall.
Interpret of electron micrographs to identify organelles and deduce the function of specialized cells.
Compare eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.
Naked DNA versus DNA associated with proteins
DNA in cytoplasm versus DNA enclosed in a nuclear envelope
No mitochondria versus mitochondria
70S versus 80S ribosomes
Eukaryotic cells have internal membranes that compartmentalize their functions.
State three differences between plant and animal cells.

7. Eukaryotes Life with a nucleus
Image: Hela Cell nuclei via

10. Objective 1.2 Ultrastructure of cells
Understanding (Statement objectives)
Prokaryotes have a simple cell structure without compartments.
Eukaryotes have a compartmentalized cell structure.
Prokaryotes divide by binary fission.
Electron microscopes have a much higher resolution than light microscopes.
Applications
Describe the structure and function of organelles within exocrine gland cells of the pancreas.
Describe the structure and function of the organelles within palisade mesophyll of the leaf.
Nature of science
Developments in scientific research follow improvements in apparatus: Describe how the invention of electron microscopes led to greater understanding of cell structure.
Skills
Draw and label a diagram of the ultrastructure of prokaryotic cells based on electron micrographs.
Drawings of prokaryotic cells should show the cell wall, pili and flagella, and plasma membrane enclosing cytoplasm that contains 70S ribosomes and a nucleoid with naked DNA.
Draw and label a diagram of the ultrastructure of eukaryotic cells based on electron micrographs.
Drawings of eukaryotic cells should show a plasma membrane enclosing cytoplasm that contains 80S ribosomes and a nucleus, mitochondria and other membrane-bound organelles are present in the cytoplasm. Some eukaryotic cells have a cell wall.
Interpret of electron micrographs to identify organelles and deduce the function of specialized cells.
Compare eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.
Naked DNA versus DNA associated with proteins
DNA in cytoplasm versus DNA enclosed in a nuclear envelope
No mitochondria versus mitochondria
70S versus 80S ribosomes
Eukaryotic cells have internal membranes that compartmentalize their functions.
State three differences between plant and animal cells.

12. Eukaryotic vs. Prokaryotic Cells
Eukaryotic Cells
DNA in ring form without protein
DNA with proteins: chromosomes/chromatin
DNA free in cytoplasm (nucleoid region)
DNA enclosed within a nuclear envelope (nucleus)
No mitochondria
Mitochondria
70s ribosomes
80s ribosomes
No membrane bound organelles
Membrane bound organelles

13. Animal
Cells

14. Objective 1.2 Ultrastructure of cells
Understanding (Statement objectives)
Prokaryotes have a simple cell structure without compartments.
Eukaryotes have a compartmentalized cell structure.
Prokaryotes divide by binary fission.
Electron microscopes have a much higher resolution than light microscopes.
Applications
Describe the structure and function of organelles within exocrine gland cells of the pancreas.
Describe the structure and function of the organelles within palisade mesophyll of the leaf.
Nature of science
Developments in scientific research follow improvements in apparatus: Describe how the invention of electron microscopes led to greater understanding of cell structure.
Skills
Draw and label a diagram of the ultrastructure of prokaryotic cells based on electron micrographs.
Drawings of prokaryotic cells should show the cell wall, pili and flagella, and plasma membrane enclosing cytoplasm that contains 70S ribosomes and a nucleoid with naked DNA.
Draw and label a diagram of the ultrastructure of eukaryotic cells based on electron micrographs.
Drawings of eukaryotic cells should show a plasma membrane enclosing cytoplasm that contains 80S ribosomes and a nucleus, mitochondria and other membrane-bound organelles are present in the cytoplasm. Some eukaryotic cells have a cell wall.
Interpret of electron micrographs to identify organelles and deduce the function of specialized cells.
Compare eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.
Naked DNA versus DNA associated with proteins
DNA in cytoplasm versus DNA enclosed in a nuclear envelope
No mitochondria versus mitochondria
70S versus 80S ribosomes
Eukaryotic cells have internal membranes that compartmentalize their functions.
State three differences between plant and animal cells.

18. EUKARYOTIC CELLS

19. NUCLEUS

20. Nucleus Structure: Double membrane, continuous with ER
Contains DNA and proteins
DNA wound around proteins organized into chromosomes
Perforated by pores
Nucleolus inside
Function:
DNA is code for proteins, genetic information
Nucleolus made up of ribosomal RNA, which makes up the ribosomes where protein synthesis happens
Pores allow mRNA and rRNA to leave nucleus

21. RIBOSOMES

22. Ribosomes Structure: Made of rRNA and protein Small and large subunits
Some are attached to endomembranous system, some are free
Function
Site of protein synthesis
Proteins made on bound ribosomes are secreted outside the cell
Proteins made on free ribosomes are used inside the cell.

23. ENDOMEMBRANE SYSTEM
Endoplasmic reticulum

24. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth ER: synthesis of lipids, metabolism of carbohydrates, detoxification of drugs and poisons.
Stores Ca++ in muscle cells
Rough ER: synthesis of proteins and glycoproteins
Makes membrane proteins and phospholipids that makes up its own membrane
Smooth ER has no ribosomes, has enzymes embedded in the membrane
Rough ER has ribosomes

25. Golgi Apparatus

26. Golgi apparatus Function: Structure:
Flattened, membranous sacs called cisterns
Function:
Proteins and phospholipids are modified
Products leave in vesicles, these can go to other places in the cell or to the membrane for secretion.
Products are tagged chemically so they go to the correct places

27. Lysosome

28. lysosome Structure: Membranous sac with digestive enzymes
Only in animal cells
Functions:
Intracellular digestion of macromolecules
Recycling of damaged organelles called autophagy

29. Everyone should have a favorite organelle :)

30. Mitochondria Structure: more detail when we learn about respiration
Function: cellular respiration
Why I am obsessed with my mitochondrial function

31. Vacuoles Similar to lysosomes, have hydrolytic enzymes
Present in plant and fungi, protista
Functions:
Food vacuoles store food
Contractile vacuoles in protists control water and salts
Plants have central vacuole that gives internal support, stores organic molecules, pigments, poisons

33. Plant
Cells

36. chloroplast Structure: more detail when we learn about photosynthesis
Function - Photosynthesis

38. Animal Cell vs. Plant Cell
Feature
Animal
Plant
Cell wall
Not present
Present- composed of cellulose
Carbohydrate storage
Glycogen
Starch
Chloroplast
Present in plant cells that photosynthesize
Vacuole
Small if present at all
Large, fluid filled vacuoles
Centrioles
Centrioles within a small centrosome area
No centrioles

39. TOK Thought
We observe the world around us by looking at what we can see
Is there any difference between something you observe with your 5 senses vs. something you need technology to assist with (ex- looking through a microscope)
real cells

42. Grab a whiteboard…quick quiz :)
A cell has cytoplasm, a cell wall, naked DNA and ribosomes. Based on this information, what type of cell could this be? A. A cell from a pine tree B. A grasshopper cell C. A human red blood cell D. A bacterium
Prokaryotic cells lack a true
a) ribosome
b) mesosome
c) cytoplasm
d) nucleus

43. Quick quiz….

45. Identify the labeled structures in this liver cell TEM image.
Calculate:
The magnification of the image
The maximum diameter of the nucleus
Source:

46. Identify the labeled structures in this liver cell TEM image.
golgi apparatus
plasma membrane
ribosome
vesicles
rough er
nucleus
Scale bar measures 33mm
Actual = Measured/magnification
Mag = 16,500x
Diameter measures 85mm
Actual = 5.15 µm
Calculate:
The magnification of the image
The maximum diameter of the nucleus
Source:

47. What you’ll see under your microscope
Today’s :ab
This is what your drawings should look like!