1. WWI Aircraft Development June 1914 – November 1918

2. In the years before the war…..
In 1911, Major Brooke-Popham of the Air Battalion, Royal Engineers had successfully fitted a gun to his Bleriot monoplane – His superiors ordered it removed
In 1913, Major Issac Newton Lewis demonstrated firing of one of his Lewis machine guns from a Wright bi-plane. The U.S. Army Signal Corp rejected the idea.

3. Aug 1914 Germans invade Belgium and France
Upon being ordered across the English Channel to France, crews of these unarmed aircraft were instructed to use their planes to ram any Zeppelins they may encounter on the way

4. Jan 1915 Machine guns make it into the air
Roland Garros first used deflector plates with this aircraft in March of 1915
In April of 1915 Garros crashed and the secret to his success was out

5. Feb 1915
No guns

6. May 1915
Another solution to aerial combat was mounting a gun so it fired upward at a 45 degree angle, so that bullets passed the area swept by the propeller blades

7. March 1915
-appx built, some equipped with a 37mm cannon for strafing

8. June 1915
First interrupter gear installed on a Fokker M.5K *(became Fokker E series with appx. 266 E’s built)
It took the German Air Service about 6 months to figure out the value of this weapons system and begin to exploit it

9. June 1915
Raymond Saulnier had developed a type of interrupter gear for French aircraft. The French authorities were unwilling to back continued research.
French aircraft had to make do with a machine gun mounted above the top wing.

10. July 1915
-Appx. 400 built
-A reasonable match (one on one) with the Fokker E type.

11. Oct 1915
Manfried von Richthofen ‘s first solo flight, ended in a crash
The Red Barron’s first kill in April of 1916
The Red Barron received the “Blue Max” in Jan of 1917
The Red Barron Killed in April of 1918 at age 25 (80 victories)

12. November 1915 The beginning of the Fokker Scourge
A mediocre underpowered airplane (Fokker E) dominated the skies because
1. synchronized machine gun firing through propeller allowed pilot to aim airplane rather than the gun
2. Pilot officers, Max Immelman and Oswald Boelcke developed maneuvers to take advantage of their Fokker E’s weapon
3. Immelman and Boelcke developed tactics, and organized German aircraft and pilots into hunting groups, rather than a number pilots acting as individual hunters (get the high position and attack out of the sun)

13. Feb 1916
-better performer than the Fokker “E” types, and the Fokker “D” types to be introduced in June of 1916
-not well respected by German pilots as it appeared slender and frail

14. May 1916 -larger stronger wing than the Nieuport 11
-most popular aircraft fighting aircraft of entire war because of its flying qualities and fighting ability

15. June 1916 -Appx. 291 DII & III’s built
-meant to replace “E” models was only marginally better

16. July 1916
-Fast climbing , tight turning aircraft but the drag of the three wing layout made it slow.
-RFC were not impressed and built only a few, quickly shifting to other models
-Germans were impressed with its turning ability and ordered Anthony Fokker to build a copy.

17. Aug 1916 -Appx. 2000 DI thru DIII’s built
-First German fighter to carry a 2 gun armament without suffering loss of performance
-Red Barron scored majority of his victories in this aircraft

18. Sept 1916
-Appx built
-French built, designed around newly developed water cooled Hispano-Suiza 150hp V8 engine
-some equipped with an over wing gun in addition to the single fuselage mounted gun

19. March 1917
-Appx built
-British built, designed around newly developed water cooled Hispano-Suiza 150hp V8 engine
-standard armament was 1 fuselage mounted and 1 wing mounted machine gun
-S.E.5-a model had 200 hp

20. May 1917
-Appx 8500 built
-2 machine guns and a 220 HP Hispano-Suiza motor, with 138mph speed
-tricky to handle at low speeds but strong and an excellent gun platform

21. Aug 1917
Appx 1000 built
-semi-monocoque plywood fuselage gave great strength
-stable gun platform, but not as fast as French and British contemporaries
-could dive at higher speeds without shedding its wings

22. Nov 1917
-Development of the Nieuport 17, but with only 10 more HP, increased weight, and less endurance, they were not popular
-appx. 381 built

23. Jan 1918 Developed to replace the Nieuport 17’s, and 24’
-appx. 297 built
-Had 60 more HP, and 10% faster, but was not a particularly good fighter
-Would have faded into obscurity except that it was the only fighter available when the A.E.F. entered the war in early 1918

24. April 1918
-Thought to be the best German fighter of WW1 as it was capable of maintaining performance at high altitude
-appx built
-so feared by allies that is was singled out for specific treatment (handed over to allies) in the armistice agreement
-some smuggled to Holland by Fokker to continue his aviation business

25. May 1918 -Basically a Fokker triplane minus one wing
- Faster than the D7 but disliked by pilots only 59 built

26. July 1918
-Appx. 400 built
-Fast and maneuverable, and a better overall fighter than many allied aircraft, but too late to do any good

27. 11am it ended
To be continued