1. Monitoring and assessment of heavy metal contamination in surface water and sediment at Old Brahmaputra River, Bangladesh Presenter Md. Simul Bhuyan Institute of Marine Science and Fisheries, University of Chittagong, Bangladesh. Co-Authors Muhammad Abu Bakar, Md. Rashed- Un-Nabi, Venkatramanan Senapathi, Sang Yong Chung, Md. Shafiqul Islam

2. Introduction

3. What is metal?

6. Effects of metal

7. Objective Determination of heavy metals concentrations in water and sediment

8. Mathodology

9. Study site The study was conducted in the Old Brahmaputra River Instrument used The heavy metals were determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) Software used 1.SPSS v.22 2.PRIMER v.6

10. Results and Discussion

11. Concentration of heavy metal in water

12. Fig. Mean concentrations (mg/l) of heavy metals in water during three seasons.

13. Heavy metals ECR, 1997 WHO, 2004 USEPA, 2006 EC, 1998EPA, 1986EPA, 2002 Present study Pb0.050.010.002510-0.050.11 Cd0.005-0.00255-0.010.001 Cr0.05 0.1---0.01 Cu120.0132-1.30.12 Hg0.001 0.002---0.001 Al0.2-----6.87 Ni0.10.02-20--0.44 Co------0.20 Zn5-0.12-5-0.01 Mn0.10.4--0.1-1.44 Table. The heavy metal concentrations (mg/l) in water and it's comparison with international standards.

14. River Pb Cd Cr Cu Hg AlNi Co Zn Mn References Old Brahmaputra River 0.110.0010.010.120.0016.870.440.20.011.44 Present study Buriganga0.070.0090.590.163--0.008---Ahmad et al. 2010 Buriganga0.1120.0590.1140.150.3320.157Bhuiyanet al. 2015 Balu0.0010.008-0.01----0.020.03Mokaddes et al. 2013 Dhaleshwari 0.05 0.006 0.440.15 -- 0.007 ---Ahmed et al. 2009 Dhaleshwari0.200.000.130.00------Ahmed et al. 2012 Khiru0.020.13-0.004----0.0060.17Rashid et al. 2012 Karatoa Trace - 0.005Trace -- 0.005 - Trace0.101 Zakir et al. 2012 Karnofuly 0.14 0.01 0.250.05 -- - - 0.280.12 Islam et al. 2013 MeghnaBDL0.0030.035--BDL-0.0360.009Hassan et al. 2015 Shitalakhya0.0010.01-0.005----0.020.05Mokaddes et al. 2013 Shitalakhya0.050.0030.080.040.020.72Islam et al. 2014 Turag0.0020.01-0.004----0.020.06Mokaddes et al. 2013 Table. The heavy metal concentrations (mg/l) in water and it's comparison with other rivers.

15. Concentration of heavy metal in sediment

16. Fig. Mean concentrations (mg/kg) of heavy metals in sediment during three seasons.

17. Heavy metals WHO, 2008 WHO, 2004USEPA, 1999FAO, 1985Present study Pb-- 40 5 7.6 Cd- 60.6 - 0.48 Cr 0.0525 0.1 6.6 Cu---0.2 6.2 Hg---- 0.001 Al---5 9000 Ni- 20 160.2 12.8 Co 0.05 -- 4.1 Zn 5.0123110 2 52.7 Mn 0.5 - 30 0.2–10 126.2 Table. Comparison of the observed values of heavy metals in the sediments of the Old Brahmaputra River with international standard.

18. River Pb Cd Cr Cu Hg AlNi Co Zn Mn References Old Brahmaput ra River 7.60.486.66.20.001900012.84.152.7126.2 Present study Buriganga69.753.33177.527.85--200.5--- Ahmad et al. 2010 Buriganga79.80.8101.2184.4----502.3- Saha and Hossain, 2011 Buriganga31.41.5173.4344.2--153.3-481.84036 Mohiuddin et al. 2015 Bangshi59.990.61 98.1 25.67 117.15 483.4 Rahman et al. 2014 Dhaleshwari15.792.0827.3937.45------ Ahmed et al. 2012 Khiru5.602.05 -34.7 ---- 97.77 28.56 Rashid et al. 2012 Karnofuly4.960.24 0.761.22 ---- 16.30 15.30 Islam et al. 2013 Karatoa581.2010995 Islam et al. 2015 Meghna9.470.2331.74---76.1-79.02442.6 Hassan et al. 2015 Shitalakhya28.365.0163.2239.2275 Islam et al. 2014 Shitalakhya-- 74.82143.730432.4 - 13.37200.6 - Islam et al. 2016 Turag1.641.40.441.576----1.08-Banu et al. 2013 Table. The heavy metal concentrations (mg/kg) in sediment and it's comparison with other rivers.

19. Anthropogenic intrusions of metals in water and sediment

20. Fig. Percentage of similarity among heavy metals in sediment during different seasons.[ O.C=Organic Carbon; O.M=Organic Matter]

21. Component Eigenvalues (0.6) PC 1PC 2 Pb 0.9980.059 Cd 0.793-0.609 Cr -0.9770.212 Cu -0.8940.448 Hg 0.6090.793 Al 0.9620.274 Ni 0.9480.317 Co 0.9980.070 Zn -0.9860.169 Mn 0.9980.059 %Silt -0.892-0.452 %Sand 0.9090.416 %Clay -0.978-0.210 %O.C -0.5800.815 %O.M -0.7720.635 Eigen value 12.0492.95 % Total variance 80.32519.675 Cumulative % 80.325100.00 Table. Component matrix of two factors model with strong to moderate loadings in sediment

22. %Silt%Sand%Clay%Organic Carbon%OrganicMatter Pb -0.5150.561-0.592-0.143-0.236 Cd -0.2650.331-0.509-0.345-0.376 Cr 0.030-0.019-0.0350.4470.426 Cu 0.345-0.264-0.1440.9240.925 Hg -0.6660.708-0.681-0.112-0.128 Al -0.2290.327-0.6350.3910.310 Ni -0.9100.953-0.859-0.016-0.141 Co -0.3800.488-0.7950.5060.371 Zn 0.401-0.3640.1090.7210.737 Mn -0.5510.598-0.6200.2970.136 Table. Correlation matrix of heavy metals in sediment Very strong linear relationships Strong linear relationship

23. Conclusion

24. Most of the metals exceeded the permissible limit set of standards. Grain size and organic matter acted as efficient scavengers for metals in sediments. PCA analysis, Cluster analysis and Correlation matrix suggested the contribution of metals in water and sediments were derived from the anthropogenic origin in addition to lithogenic sources. Further studies are also needed on metal speciation and effects on metal uptake by human and organisms.

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