1. ISLAMIC CAPITAL MARKETS

2. Main function is to facilitate transfer of investable funds from those having surplus to those requiring funds. Achieved by selling of securities (Bonds/Sukuk and Shares)
Primary and Secondary Markets
Islamic Financial Instruments must comply with the following:
- Prohibition of Riba (Interest)
- Avoidance of Gharar (Ambiguity) in agreements
- Prohibition of Maisir (Gambling)
- No involvement in production , distribution in prohibited commodities.

3. Financing products of an Islamic Bank (Not capital market products) are
- General Investment
- Special Investment
- Leasing
- Partnership
- Deferred payment sale
- Deferred delivery sale
- Cost plus Trade Finance

4. Islamic Capital Market products and services versus conventional market
Money Market Instruments
Commodity Murabaha
Fixed income bonds
Sukuk
Equities
Shariah compatible equities
Unit Trust/Mutual Funds
Same as conventional
Real Estate through Investment Funds (un-restricted leverage )
Real Estate with Shariah acceptable leverage
Stock broking
Islamically acceptable broking

5. Sukuk/ Islamic Investment Certificate
Market in the current form opened in 2002, current size well over US$ 100 billion.
Securities backed by tangible assets and streams of income.
Sukuk issues are certificate of ownership on a pro-rata basis, negotiable in the secondary market.
Issuers need not be Islamic Institutions.

6. Sukuk/ Islamic Investment Certificate
Sukuk Structure
Legal structure derived from securitization structure with special purpose vehicle (SPV) to acquire suitable asset.
Suitable assets: leasing, equities, real estate and other sukuk with a minimum of 15% in the portfolio, rest can be debt securities.
Pool of assets sold to SPV (a Charitable Trust) which issues certificates to investors for a specific maturity.
Funds collected paid to original owner of assets.
Net income generated from the assets is used to pay periodic coupons to the buyers of certificate
On maturity assets are generally sold back to the original owner, using an irrevocable undertaking. Proceeds received are distributed to Sukuk holders at the time of maturity.

7. Sukuk/ Islamic Investment Certificate
Attractiveness and concerns
Priced competitively
Shariah compliant
Mostly rated instruments, can be listed on recognized Exchanges.
Wide range of maturities, coupon fixed/floating
Liquidity is generally limited
Global investors are yet to be aware of the instrument
Institutions have limitations on assets in their balance sheets.
A large number of legal agreements need to be reviewed.

8. Structure for IDB’s Sukuk Issuance
Liquidity facility to cover periodic distribution payments
IDB acts as Wakeel to SPV
Purchase Undertaking Deed to purchase all outstanding Sukuk Assets at the maturity date
Sukuk Assets
Consideration
Trust in favour of Trustee acting on behalf of investors
SPV
Sukuk Assets
Ijara
Sukuk
Equity
Installment Sale
Istisna’a
(>51%)
Certificates
Proceeds
Investors

9. Equities Sharia eligibility criteria is the most important feature.
In Dow Jones Islamic Indices were introduced in 1990’s.
FTSE indices are also available.

10. Funds A large number of Funds are in existence
Current overall size is USD 50 billion
Most funds are relatively small in size
Business opportunities for Brazilian institutions to launch Shariah compatible funds for equities.
Larger fund management group will have the advantage.