1. HEAT TREATMENT OF METALS
Annealing
Martensite Formation in Steel
Tempering
John Wiley & Sons, Inc. M P Groover, Fundamentals of Modern Manufacturing

2. Annealing
Heating and soaking metal at suitable temperature for a certain time, and slowly cooling
Reasons for annealing:
Reduce hardness and brittleness
Soften metals
Recrystallize cold worked metals
Relieve residual stresses
Full annealing
Normalizing
John Wiley & Sons, Inc. M P Groover, Fundamentals of Modern Manufacturing

3. Martensite Formation in Steel
Equilibrium is prevented under rapid cooling
Austenite transforms into a nonequilibrium phase called martensite
Martensite is hard and brittle
Austenite - face‑centered cubic (FCC)
Martensite - body‑centered tetragonal (BCT)
John Wiley & Sons, Inc. M P Groover, Fundamentals of Modern Manufacturing

4. Iron-Carbon TTT curve Cooling trajectory (0.80% C)
Iron‑carbon phase diagram
John Wiley & Sons, Inc. M P Groover, Fundamentals of Modern Manufacturing

5. Hardness of Plain Carbon Steel
Tempering to relieve stress in Martensite structure
John Wiley & Sons, Inc. M P Groover, Fundamentals of Modern Manufacturing

6. Quenching Media and Cooling Rate
Brine -salt water
Agitated brine (fastest cooling rate)
Still fresh water
Still oil
Air (slowest cooling rate)
Fast cooling rate
Internal stresses
Distortion
Cracks
John Wiley & Sons, Inc. M P Groover, Fundamentals of Modern Manufacturing

7. SME Video
John Wiley & Sons, Inc. M P Groover, Fundamentals of Modern Manufacturing

8. Materials in Manufacturing
Metals
Ceramics
Polymers
Composites
Venn diagram
John Wiley & Sons, Inc. M P Groover, Fundamentals of Modern Manufacturing

9. Properties of Composites - Rule of Mixtures
f=fraction
m=mass
=density
V=volume
subscripts
c=composite
m=matrix
r=reinforcing phases
John Wiley & Sons, Inc. M P Groover, Fundamentals of Modern Manufacturing

10. SME Video
John Wiley & Sons, Inc. M P Groover, Fundamentals of Modern Manufacturing

11. ASSIGNMENT – STUDENT MUST SHOW SOLUTION TO PROFESSOR DURING LAB PERIOD
What is the resistance R of a length of copper wire whose length = 20 m and whose diameter = 0.10 mm?
Hints:
Resistivity value r from table
Convert diameter to m
John Wiley & Sons, Inc. M P Groover, Fundamentals of Modern Manufacturing