1. The Media: Reinforcing Racial Stereotypes?
Chapter 11

2. Introduction
Mass media: Sources of information, including print, radio, television, and the Internet, that reach a large number of people
Framing: The media’s ability to shape how viewers interpret political events and issues
Agenda setting: The media’s power to influence the importance that the public places on issues

3. A History of Media and Politics
Print media
Penny press
Abolitionism
See “Our Voices: The Liberator and Abolitionism”
Yellow journalism
Parallel press

4. A History of Media and Politics
Broadcast radio and television
1906: Invention of radio broadcasting
Frequent radio addresses from President Franklin Roosevelt
1950s: Increase in political journalism in television following the successful use of this medium by presidential candidate Dwight Eisenhower
1960s: Television brought the civil rights movement into reality for many Americans

5. A History of Media and Politics
Cable and satellite
Advent of news networks and the 24/7 news media cycle
CNN, C-SPAN, Fox News, MSNBC
Satire: Comedy Central’s The Daily Show with Jon Stewart and The Colbert Report
2010 Rally to Restore Sanity
The Daily Show with Trevor Noah and The Nightly Show with Larry Wilmore

6. A History of Media and Politics
The Internet and Social Media
Can include less reliable sources of information
Blogs
Newspapers (including parallel press)
Social networking media
Black Lives Matter
Donald Trump’s use of Twitter in presidential campaign

7. The Media Industry Diversity
Racial and ethnic diversity in the media industry has increased over time, although it has decreased more recently

8. Minority Group Presence in Broadcast Television Workforce, 2000 and 2016

9. Minority Group Presence in Broadcast Radio Workforce, 2000 and 2016

10. Minority Group Presence as Broadcast Television News Directors, 2000 and 2012

11. Minority Group Presence as Broadcast Radio News Directors, 2000 and 2016

12. The Media Industry The media business Decline of newspapers
Large media holding companies work to buy newspapers, as well as radio and television stations
Government relaxed rules to allow companies to own more than one media outlet in a specific media market
Six major corporations own the vast majority of U.S. media outlets

13. The Media Industry Media personnel
Professional journalists and editors
Eighteenth- and nineteenth-century journalists often not highly educated or highly intellectual
Many journalists now are above average in terms of education, income, and socioeconomic status
Many journalists and columnists oscillate between working for the press and working in politics

14. The Media Industry Media personnel (cont.) Bias Lack of diversity
Journalists generally attempt to keep personal and political biases out of their reporting
Some media outlets are more likely than others to report with a conservative or liberal bias
One of the largest forms of reporting bias exists because of the need to increase sales and ratings
Lack of diversity
Gender; race and ethnicity

15. Percentage of Minorities Employed by Daily Newspapers

16. Press Coverage of Politics and Government Officials and Institutions
Reporting of elections
In addition to facts, media coverage increasingly includes commentary
Influence elections through priming
The press determines the degree and type of coverage candidates receive
Minority candidates are less likely to receive the same degree of favorable coverage as White candidates

17. Press Coverage of Politics and Government Officials and Institutions
Coverage of government officials and institutions
White House press corps
Press secretary
No minority press secretaries
Two female press secretaries
Press conferences
Media bias
See “Evaluating Equality: Racial Bias in the Press Coverage of Hurricane Katrina?”

18. Press Coverage of Politics and Government Officials and Institutions
Government regulation
First Amendment protections of the press
Prior restraint
New York Times v. United States (1971)
Federal Communications Commissions (FCC)